Neuro B

Question 1

When you think about parasympathetic what should you think about

Answer 1

you just ate a large meal

• all digetive processes are happening
• sitting on a toliet, relaxing sphincters
• reading under a bright light

-lens thick so you can see up close

Question 2

Superior cervical ganglia

Answer 2

Sympathetic activity to(eye ear nose throat)

1. ciliary-eyes
2. pterygopalatine-teas and nose
3. submandibular-saliva
4. otic-oral parotid

Question 3

which ganglia parasympathetic activity from the brainstem go

Answer 3

(eye ear nose throat)

1. ciliary-eyes
2. pterygopalatine-teas and nose
3. submandibular-saliva
4. otic-oral parotid

Question 4

All parasympathetic control to the chest comes through what nerve

Answer 4

vagus nerve from the brainstem

Question 5

Sympathetic innervation goes directly to what three ganglia to do what?

Answer 5

1. Celiac-splanch organs through 1/2 Li
2. Superior mesenteric: 1/2 Li
3. Inferior messinteric: through rectum and urogenital organs

Question 6

Autonomic control over arousal and climax

which is sympathetic and which is sympathetic

Answer 6

Parasympathetic: arousal (pelvic splenech)

Sympathetic: climax (inferior mesenteric)

Question 7

Lower gi urination has sympathetic from where and parasympathetic from where

Answer 7

Sympathetic: from inferior mesenteric

Para: pelvic splenich

Question 8

what are preganglionic and post ganglionic for sympathetic

Answer 8

pre: cholinergic nicotinic

Post: alpha and beta receptors

Question 9

what are preganglionic and post ganglionic for parasympathetic

Answer 9

pre: cholinergic-nicotinic
post: cholinergic-muscarinic,

Question 10

What are two classes of cholinergic receptors

Answer 10

A receptor that opperates as Ach as its neurotransmitter

nicotinic
muscarinic

Question 11

What are the two adrenergic receptors and what do they do

Answer 11

Alpha

• excitatory except in GI tract
• Type 1 and 2: vasoconstriction

Beta:

• inhibitory (except in heart)
• type 1 and 2: vasodilation

Question 12

Alpha one adrenergic

Answer 12

Tubular organs (vasculature and GI tube)

• post synaptic sympathetic
• Vascular is excitatory (vasoconstriction)
• GI inhibitory (paralytic)

Question 13

Alpha 2 adrenergic

Answer 13

CNS

• Presynaptic sympathetic (decreases catecholamines)
• decreases sympathetic tone
• calm central nervous system down

Question 14

Beta 1 adrenergic

Answer 14

Heart

• post synaptic sympathetic (cardiac)
• excitatory to heart, more pumping!

Question 15

Beta 2 adrenergic

Answer 15

lungs

-postsynaptic sympathetic inhibitory (vasodilation, bronchodilation)

paralyzes smooth muscle in teachea and bronchi to allow air in and out

paralyze vascular smooth muscle to allow for vasodilation to oxygenate the blood

Question 16

Dorsal horn problem =

Answer 16

sense (afferent)problem

Question 17

ventral horn problem

Answer 17

paralysis/motor(efferent) problem

polio

Question 18

all synaptic areas and cell bodies to help synapsies

Answer 18

grey matter

Question 19

where is white matter where is grey matter

Answer 19

white outside

grey inside

Question 20

what is in the white matter

Answer 20

axons go up and down

Question 21

Stretch reflex:

synapses:
Stimulus:
Afferent fiber:
Response:

Answer 21

Knee Jerk

synapses: Monosynaptyic
Stimulus: muscle stretching stimulates it
Afferent fiber: Ia
Response: contraction of muscle

Question 22

Golgi tendon reflex:

synapses:
Stimulus:
Afferent fiber:
Response:

Answer 22

clasp knife

synapses: disynaptic
Stimulus: muscle contracts
Afferent fiber: Ib
Response: relaxation of the muscle

Question 23

Flexor-withdrawl reflex:

synapses:
Stimulus:
Afferent fiber:
Response:

Answer 23

synapses: polysynaptic
Stimulus: pain
Afferent fiber: II, III, IV
Response: ipsilateral flexion, contralateral extension

Question 24

Bicep reflex:

Spinal level
Motor function

Answer 24

Spinal level: c5

Motor function: deltoid

Question 25

Brachioradialis Reflex: Spinal level Motor function

Answer 25

Spinal level: C6 Motor function: wrist extension

Question 26

Triceps reflex: Spinal level Motor function

Answer 26

Spinal level: C7 | Motor function: wrist flexion

Question 27

Patellar reflex: Spinal level Motor function

Answer 27

Spinal level: L-4 Motor function: quadraceps

Question 28

Foot reflex: Spinal level Motor function

Answer 28

Spinal level: L5 | Motor function: dorsiflex

Question 29

Achilles reflex: Spinal level Motor function

Answer 29

Spinal level: S1 | Motor function: plantar flexion

Question 30

Which fiber type is the biggest fastest

Answer 30

A-alpha: motorneurons larger is faster

Question 31

Which fiber type is the smallest and slowest

Answer 31

C fibers: pain

Question 32

Pain and temp are smaller or faster fibers

Answer 32

smaller

Question 33

pressure, touch, vibration

Answer 33

bigger faster

Question 34

What does the golgi tendon organ do?

Answer 34

prevents us from having overstretch by inhibiting alpha motor neurons

Question 35

The dorsal column(lemniscal system) does what?

Answer 35

High sensitivity ``` Touch Vibration movement against the skin position pressure ```

Question 36

What are the three components of the lemniscal system and what do they do?

Answer 36

Pacinian: vibration Merkels: pressure Meissner's: skin

Question 37

What does the antrolateral system do

Answer 37

hold large tracks and move bulk of nervous system information ``` pain thermal crude touch and pressure(poor localization) tickle and itch sexual sensation ```

Question 38

What are the two components of the dorsal/posterior column

Answer 38

fasciculus gracilis Fasiculus cuneatus

Question 39

Upper motor neuron defects

Answer 39

Hyperactive nerve ``` Spastic paralysis Little atrophy no fibrilations hyperreflexia positive babinski ```

Question 40

Lower motor neuron defect

Answer 40

Hypoactive nerve/damage to peripheral nerve ``` Atrophy Flaccid paralysis Fibrillations Hyporeflexia Negative babinski ```

Question 41

What disease follows both Upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron defects

Answer 41

A mylotrophic lateral sclerosis mixed presentation

Question 42

What are the two places that do not have a BBB

Answer 42

eye and diencephalon

Question 43

Fast pain fibers mediated through-to where what type of pain?

Answer 43

mediated through brainstem up to the somatic homunculus (sensory) localized pain have to go furtherest so have to be fastest

Question 44

Slow pain fibers go where what type of pain?

Answer 44

To the thalamus to cause thalamic pain (non localized pain)

Question 45

What happens in the reticular formation

Answer 45

- both fast and slow fibers go through here - during the day it collects information - aurosal center of brain - at night it clears itself for the next day

Question 46

What can pass through the blood brain barrier and what cant

Answer 46

Fat soluble substances and gases go through easily Everything else has to be transported by a carrier (water soluble)

Question 47

What are the choroid plexi and where do they live

Answer 47

live in areas of the ventricular system they make CSF

Question 48

Lateral ventricles

Answer 48

Ventricles 1 and 2 Make CSF up high

Question 49

Ventricles 3 and 4

Answer 49

make csf down low

Question 50

how does communication between ventricles happen

Answer 50

cerebral aquaduct and formena of luschki and magendie circulate CSF to brain and spinal cord

Question 51

where is magnesium with resting membrane potential where is calcium?

Answer 51

magnesium is inside calcium is outside

Question 52

When do you get an action potential in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 52

reached at threshhold 1:1 relationship

Question 53

central nervous system when do you get an action potential

Answer 53

voting system need so many yes votes to get an action potential

Question 54

enough post synaptic firing to cause a new AP

Answer 54

EPSP

Question 55

Inhibition of action potential due to hyperpolarizaation

Answer 55

doesnt matter how many yeses IPSP

Question 56

what is the receptor/ generator potential

Answer 56

what it take to cause a membrane to reach threshhold so that you get an AP -can be adapted, the longer you activate them the more it reaches threshold