Midterm

Question 1

What is the order of the list of organs of the GI tract in the correct order?

Answer 1

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum

Question 2

What are the four main organs that assist in digestion

Answer 2

liver, pancreases, gallbladder, (small intestine or stomach?)

Question 3

Where in the GI tract does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?

Answer 3

small intestine

Question 4

What substance protects stomach cells from the low pH of stomach contents

Answer 4

Mucus

Question 5

which substance is essential for the breakdown and absorption of fat

Answer 5

bile

Question 6

one function or role of saliva in digestion

Answer 6

covers the food so that way it can slide own the esophagus

Question 7

Glucose is stored in the liver as

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

Another term for non-fermentable fiber is

Answer 8

insoluble fiber

Question 9

Which of the following provides food sources contributes to the least amount of carbohydrates to the diet

Answer 9

meat

Question 10

A diet that supplies enough digestible _____ to prevent the breakdown of proteins for energy needs is considered protein sparing

Answer 10

carbohydrates

Question 11

identify one of the hormones the body uses to regulate glucose in the body

Answer 11

insulin

Question 12

what is the common property that all lipid compounds share

Answer 12

don’t readily dissolve in water

Question 13

what makes an essential fatty acid essential

Answer 13

the body can’ make it on its won so it needs to be taken in with food

Question 14

Where is cholesterol found in the food supply

Answer 14

cholesterol is found in animal food products only; such as eggs, milk and meat

Question 15

which form of lipoprotein is considered the good or healthy form HDL or LDL

Answer 15

HDL is good because it transfers cholesterol back to the liver

Question 16

What is one of the leading thing that decide what people eat/ influence food choice

Answer 16

cost, another big one is time

Question 17

Hunger

Answer 17

physiological need to eat body recognizes that it needs energy 1st

Question 18

Appetite

Answer 18

physiological need to eat Ex: smell (often in the absence of obvious hunger)

Question 19

Satiety

Answer 19

state in which you no longer desire to eat

Question 20

Nutrition

Answer 20

combines food science and what the food does in the body

Question 21

Basic function of digesting food

Answer 21

ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport and excretion

Question 22

Function of nutrients

Answer 22

yield energy, provide building blocks, regulate metabolic processes

Question 23

Essential nutrients

Answer 23

(vitamin, minerals) if drop out of diet body doesn’t function well without it. If add it back in can sometimes recover

Question 24

Six classes of Nutrients

Answer 24

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, H2o

Question 25

Macronutrients

Answer 25

need in big quantities; carbs, lipids, proteins, water

Question 26

Micronutrients

Answer 26

need in small quantiles; vitamins, minerals

Question 27

What are the numbers for energy form

Answer 27

Carb 4, Protein 4, fats 9

Question 28

What are the benefits in maintaining a healthy weight

Answer 28

- increase bone mass during childhood and adolescence - fewer dental caries - prevention of digestive problems - decrease degradation of the retina - lower risk of obesity and related diseases

Question 29

Food philosophy that works

Answer 29

- consume a variety of food - control how much you eat - pay attention to what you eat - stay physically active

Question 30

Advantage of variety of eating

Answer 30

get nutrients mix not just one don't get to many things that are bad no one food can provide all nutrient needs

Question 31

proportionality

Answer 31

eat more nutrient dense foods

Question 32

Principles of dietary guidelines

Answer 32

- follow a healthy eating pattern across life - focus on variety, nutrient density and amount - limit calories from added sugar and saturated fats and reduce sodium - shift to healthier food and beverage choices - support healthy eating patterns for all

Question 33

Malnutrition

Answer 33

failing health from long-standing dietary practices that don't concede with nutritional needs

Question 34

over nutrition

Answer 34

state in which nutritional intake greatly exceeds the body's needs

Question 35

Under nutrition

Answer 35

failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that isn't enough to meet nutritional needs

Question 36

Dietary Reverence intakes

Answer 36

age and sex specific nutrient recommendations for Americans made by food and nutrition board

Question 37

Adequate intake

Answer 37

don't have enough info on it so can't give specific standard

Question 38

Ingestion

Answer 38

put in mouth, chew, Solow

Question 39

digestion

Answer 39

process in which large ingested molecules are mechanically and chemically broken down to produce basic nutrients

Question 40

absorption

Answer 40

process by which substances are take up from GI tract and enter blood or lymph system

Question 41

assists immune system

Answer 41

sheds mucus lining

Question 42

under autonomic control

Answer 42

happens with out thinking regulated

Question 43

Motility

Answer 43

movement of food though the GI track

Question 44

Peristalsis

Answer 44

coordinated muscular movements that propels food along the GI track

Question 45

Segmentation

Answer 45

series of muscular contractions in the small intestines that divide and mix the chyme

Question 46

sphincters

Answer 46

muscular rings that prevent the backflow of food matter through the GI track

Question 47

Bolus

Answer 47

food that moves from mouth to esophagus to stomach

Question 48

Chyme

Answer 48

watery mixture of partially digested food and digestive secretions

Question 49

feces

Answer 49

mass of H2o, fiber, tough connective tissues, bacterial cells and sloughed intestinal cells formed in the large intestine and excreted through anus

Question 50

What does the mouth do in digestion

Answer 50

``` sense of taste mechanical digestion (chewing, swallowing) Chemical digestion (salivary amylase, salivary lipase) ```

Question 51

What does the stomach do in digestion

Answer 51

``` holding tank for food Gastric secretions (h2o, hydrochloric acid, enzymes mucus) Mechanical digestion (churning) Chemical digestion (HCL, Pepsin, Lipase) Absorb small amount ```

Question 52

what breaks down lipids

Answer 52

lipase

Question 53

what does the small intestine do in digestion

Answer 53

where most of the chemical digestion and absorption occur

Question 54

What does the pancreases do in digestion

Answer 54

release pancreatic juice (bicarbonate, pancreatic enzymes)

Question 55

What does the gallbladder do in digestion

Answer 55

releases/ releases bile

Question 56

Villi in the small intestine

Answer 56

participate in digestion and absorption of food (fingerlike_

Question 57

Microvilli in small intestine

Answer 57

extensive folds on the mucosal surface

Question 58

Passive diffusion

Answer 58

diffusion of nutrients across the absorptive cell membranes

Question 59

The large intestine in digestion

Answer 59

absorption of h2o, some vitamins and minerals | components of feces (h2o, undigested fiber, tough connective tissues, bacteria, dead intestinal cells)

Question 60

Salivary glands in digestion

Answer 60

moisten food | supply enzymes to begin the break down of starch

Question 61

liver in digestion

Answer 61

``` produces bile (increases the absorption of fat) exertion of metabolic wastes ```

Question 62

Nutrient storage capabilities

Answer 62

fat: nearly limitless storage capacity in adipose tissue glucose: limited amount in blood (brain and red blood cells) glycogen: short-term storage in muscles and liver amino acids: limited amount in blood (protein) Vitamins and minerals: liver, adipose tissue, bones