Quiz 3 Chapter 4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Why are carbs considered our most valuable energy source
Main fuel for cells (brain, nervous system, red blood cells)… help with physical activity… provide glycogen (stored in liver and muscles) help maintain blood glucose when not enough carbs are consumed
What are the names and definitions of the monosaccharides and disaccharides, and what happens to them when they are digested and absorbed?
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
glucose (blood sugar)- important source of energy for human cells, fuel for cells, in liver
Fructose (fruit sugar)- absorbed in small intestine, transported to liver there it is metabolized. either converted to glucose or form other compounds (fat)
galactose- found bonded to glucose in lactose, liver, transformed into glucose or glycogen.
Disaccharides (when two monosaccharides combine)
sucrose- glucose + fructose
Lactose- glucose + galactose
Maltose- results from starch is broken down glucose bonded to glucose
What is polysaccharide and what are the differences between the plant polysaccharide?
Polysaccharide- carbs containing many glucose units, from 10 to 1000 or more (complex carbs)
Plants- amylose- digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units
amylopectin0 branched-chain type
What are the name and locations of the storage form of glucose in the body?
Glycogen- liver
Fiber- small intestine
What makes fiber a very different kind of carb and what is the difference between nonfermentalbe, viscous and functional fiber
it can’t be digested
non- insoluble fiber, don’t resolve in h2o and aren’t easily metabolized
viscous- soluble fiber, dissolve or swell when put into h2o
functional- added to foods that has been shown to provide health beneifts
Which food groups are the primary sources of carbs in our diets?
grains, vegetables
What specific foods contain the highest percentage of calories form carbs?
Baked potato, Cola Drink, Plan MandM
What are the common nutritive sweeteners?
Sucrose, glucose, lactose, maltose, fructose, galactose
Which alternative sweeteners are approved for use in food?
Stevia, Luo han guo, Aspartame, Acesulfame-K, Saccharin, Sucralose, Neotame, Advantame
In what form are carbs absorbed, and what happens to those compounds after absorption?
starches and sugars- they are transferred in the blood stream and are carried to muscles and liver
What are the names and locations of the enzymes that digest carbs?
Maltase- produce 2 glucose molecules (small intestine)
Sucrase- produce glucose and fructose (small intestine)
Lactases- produce glucose and galactose (small intestine)
Why do some individuals feel discomfort after they consume large amounts of lactose? How can they avoid these symptoms?
there is a decrease in the little to no breakdowns by bacteria in the intestines, they should avoid milk and milk products
What are beneficial effects of fiber in the intestinal tract?
provide calories for the body, after being turned into acids, helps with the elimination of waste, help with the overall health of the colon
What is the primary role of carbs in the body?
supply the body with calories to use
How does the body respond when too little carbs is consumed?
the body is forced to make glucose from the protein, draining the pool of amino acids available in cells, takes protein from the muscles, heart, liver, kidneys etc
don’t break down fats completely
What are the mechanisms by which blood glucose levels are maintained within a narrow range?
liver works to make sure no excess glucose makes it into the blood stream. Pancreas releases insulin which delivers two signals (1. directs liver to store glucose as glycogen 2. directs muscle, adipose and other cells to remove glucose)
What are some of the important functions of fiber?
regulate bowel movements, inhibits absorption of cholesterol, reducing cardiovascular disease and gallstones, controls weight
What is the recommended intake of total carbs per day, how do typical dietary intakes compare?
130 grams per day, US 180 to 330 grams
How much fiber is recommended each day?
25 grams per day for women, 38 grams per day for men
How can we reduce our consumption of added sugars?
limit the amount of soft drinks, cakes, cookies, fruit drinks and premade food
What is the link between sugar and oral health?
the increased amount of sugar the more likely to develop a caries. the acid dissolve the tooth enamel and underlying structure.
