Quiz 5 Chapter 5 Flashcards
(20 cards)
what is the basic structure of an amino acid?
nitrogen
What is the difference between the essential and non essential amino acids?
essential- must be obtained from foods, because the body cells can’t make the needed carbon based foundation
nonessential- they have some ability of synthesis as long as the right ingredients are present (key factor nitrogen, which is already apart of the diet
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?
contains the coded instructions for protein synthesis
What are the steps of protein synthesis?
1) dna contains coded instructions
2) Transcription-copies of codes-transferred to the cytoplasm(via mRNA)
3) mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome.
4) amino acids added one at a time to the ribosome by tRNA containing the code that matches that of mRNA- with the help of RNA(tRNA)
- requires energy
5) in the process of translation, the info contained in mRNA is used to determine the number, types, and arrangement of amino acids in the protein.
Why is the amino acid order within a protein important
it determines the protein’s shape
What are some of the ways a protein can become denatured?
exposure to acid or alkane substances, heat or agitation
What types of food contain high-quality proteins?
food from animals; tuna, chicken, beef, yogurt
Why are complementary proteins important when pairing plant food sources?
because plants don’t contain all 9 essential nutrients
Where and how does protein digestion begin?
cooking- unfolds proteins a d softens tough connective tissue
What digestion steps take place in the stomach and small intestine?
Stomach- Pepsin; breaks into shorter chains
Small- trigger a release of cholecystokinin, which triggers pancreas
What are the final products of protein digestion, and where do they go after absorption?
these end products of protein digestion get absorbed into your bloodstream and are ready to become incorporated into new protein molecules
Which body constituents are mainly proteins?
muscles, connective tissue, blood clotting factors
What is the turnover rate of protein each day?
250 grams
How is glucose produced from protein?
w/out enough carbs, liver produces glucose from amino acids in starvation, amino acids from the muscle are converted into glucose
During what situations is the body in positive protein balance?
when the body is growing or recovering from an illness or injury. eat more protein daily than loses
What is the RDA for protein for a 70-kilogram person?
56 grams
How much protein does the average American consume?
100 for men, 65 for women
What are some of the harmful effects of regularly consuming a high-protein diet?
come from animal protein, low in fiber, vitamins, minerals, high in fat and cholesterol, colon cancer, kidney disease
What are the characteristics of kwashiorkor and marasmus?
k- 1-3, when a new baby comes doesn’t get breast milk, inadequate protein intake (develops quickly)
m- baby (develops slowly), minimal amounts of calories and protein and other nutrients intake, from kids who aren’t breastfed
Why are bottle-fed infants at high risk for marasmus in poverty-striken countries?
because mothers aren’t around as much
