Midterm part 3 Flashcards
(32 cards)
carb digestion and absorption
1- mouth: some starch is broken down to maltose by salivary amylase
2- stomach: salivary amylase is inactivate by strong acid in the stomach. NO further digestion occurs
3. Pancreas: Enzymes from pancreas break done starch into maltose in small intestine
4. Small intestine: enzymes in the wall of the small intestine break down sucrose, lactose and maltose
5. Liver: Absorption of glucose into blood to be take to liver via portal vain
6. Large intestine: viscous fiber is fermented into various acids and gases by bacteria
7. Rectum: changed into feces and expelled.
fat digestion and absorption
- stomach: only minor digestion of fat, though lipase
- Liver: produces bile, stored in gallbladder released though bile duct in small intestine
- Pancreas: secretes mixture of enzymes
- Small: primary sight for digestion
- Large: less than 5% of ingested fat is normally excreted in feces
Protein digestion and absorption
- stomach: partial protein digestion by the enzyme pepsin and stomach acid
- Pancreas: releases enzymes that will further digest in small intestine
- Small: Final digestion of peptides into single amino acids
- Liver: amino acids absorbed into portal vain and transported to liver, then enter blood stream
- Anus: elimination of waste
Which of the following is true about the north American diet?
about 1/2 carbs come from simple sugars
Identify three ways that h2o is used in the body
1.solvent, lubricant, transporting nutrients and waste, medium for temp regulation
List 4 Healthy people 2020 objectives
- increase # of states with children nutrition standards
- Increase # of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals
- increase # of states what have incentive polices for food retail
- increase the # of Americans who have retail access
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines recommended that we increase which of the following foods?
Seafood
The most common type of undernutrion in industrialized nations is
iron deficiency
How would you explain the concepts of nutrient density and energy density
nutrient is nutritional quality in food
Energy density calorie content of food
How do RDA and AI differ
RDA- daily amount of nutrient that will meet the needs of nearly all individuals in certain age and sex
AI- Not enough info
Organic to FDA
no chemical fertilizer, genetic engineering, irradiation in production
Bicarbonate ions from the pancreas
neutralize acid in the duodenum
Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by
bacteria
The study of how food impacts health through interaction with genes is
nutrigenomics
One function of the digestive system
mechanical and chemical processes of digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste
What is small intestine better suited to carry out absorptive process
have villi- help trap food to enhance absorption, increase surface area though microvilli
what is one role of acid in the process of digestion, where is it secreted
Promotes digestion of proteins, secreted in stomach
Active absorption vs passive diffusion
aa- energy input to move from small intestine to absorptive cells
pd- though diffusion sends to lesser area
where would chyme be found?
digestive
where would plasma be found
cardiovascular
where would lymph be found
lymphatic and immune
where would urine be found
urinary
Cellulose is
indigestible fiber
One of the components of metabolic syndrome is
high waist circumference
