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3 - Dental Specialties > Midterm Exam Review > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What information is included in the periodontal charting?

A

pocket readings, furcations, tooth mobility, exudate (pus), and gingival recession

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2
Q

Should teeth have any mobility?

A

All teeth have a slight degree of mobility because of the cushiong effect of the periodontal membranes.

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3
Q

What is the depth of a normal sulcus?

A

3mm or less

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4
Q

What units of measurement are used on the periodontal probe?

A

Millimeteres are the units of measurements on the periodontal probe

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5
Q

What type of radiograph is especially useful in periodontics?

A

Bitewing radiographs are especially useful in periodontics

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6
Q

What instruments are used to remove calculus from supragingival surfaces?

A

Scalers

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7
Q

What instruments are used to remove calculus from subgingival surfaces?

A

Curettes

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8
Q

What is the purpose of explorers in periodontal treatment

A

Explorers locate depositis of calculus that may be supragingival or subgigival and provide tactile information to the operator about the roughness or smoothness of the root surfaces

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9
Q

What is the difference between a universal and Gracey Curette?

A

A universal curette has two cutting edges, a Gracey curette has only one edge

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10
Q

What is the purpose of a periodontal pocket marker?

A

The perio pocket marker is used to make bleeding points as guides for surgical incisions

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11
Q

How do ultrasonic scalers work?

A

Ultrasonic scalers work by converting very-high-frequency sound waves into mechanical energy in the form of very rapid vibrations

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12
Q

What oral conditions would contraindicate the use of an ultrasonic scaler?

A

Use of an ultrasonic scaler would not be indicated for patients susceptible to infection, or patients with communicable disease, respiratory problems, swallowing difficulty, or a cardiac pacemaker. Oral conditions such as demineralization, restorative materials, narrow periodontal pockets, titanium implants, or areas of exposed dentin are also contraindications.

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13
Q

Why would an ultrasonic scaler not be used on a patient with a communicable disease?

A

An ultrasonic scaler should not be used on a patient with a known communicable disease because the disease can be transmitted through contaminated aerosols.

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14
Q

What are more common terms for dental prophylaxis?

A

Dental cleaning or prohpy are more common terms

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15
Q

What are three non-surgical periodontal treatments?

A

Dental prophylaxis, scaling, root planing and gingival curettage are non surgical periodontal treatments.

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16
Q

How is Tetracycline used in periodontal treatment?

A

It is often used for the treatment of early-onset periodontitis and rapidly destructive periodontitis.

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17
Q

What is the primary goal of periodontal surgery?

A

The primary goal of periodontal surgery is to control the progress of periodontal destruction and loss of attachment when nonsurgical treatment is ineffective.

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18
Q

From a patient’s point of view, what are the primary disadvantages of periodontal surgery?

A

Esthetics, time, discomfort, and cost are the primary disadvantages of periodontal surgery from the patient’s point of view

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19
Q

What is a gingivectomy?

A

A gingivectomy is a type of excisional surgery performed to remove gingival tissue.

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20
Q

What is the purpose of osseous surgery?

A

The purpose of osseous surgery is to eliminate pockets, remove defects, and to restore normal contours in the bone.

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21
Q

What is the function of a periodontal surgical dressing?

A

A periodontal surgical dressing protects the surgical site similar to a bandage. They function to hold flaps in place, protect newly forming tissues, minimize pain, infection, and hemorrhage, protect the surgical site from trauma during eating and drinking, and to support mobile teeth during the healing process.

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21
Q

What materials are most commonly used in periodontal dressings?

A

The most commonly used materials in periodontal dressings are zinc oxide–eugenol and noneugenol.

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22
Q

The _____ is a method used to measure the amount of hemorrhage present.

A

Bleeding index

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23
Q

A(n) ____ is a thin, fine instrument easily adapted around root surfaces to locate calculus.

A

Periodontal explorere

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24
A(n) ____ is an instrument that operates on a high-frequency sound wave for the removal of calculus.
Ultrasonic scaler
25
_____ is indicated when there is loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone.
Osseous surgery
26
A(n) ____ is the surgical removal of diseased gingival tissues.
gingivectomy
27
A type of surgery in which gingival tissues are reshaped and contoured is _____.
Gingivoplasty
28
_____ is a type of surgery in which bone is added, contoured, and reshaped.
Osteoplasty
29
____ is a type of surgery that involves the removal of bone.
Ostectomy
30
_____ is an instrument used to cut periodontal ligaments for atraumatic tooth extraction.
Periostomes
31
A(n) ____ is used to measure horizontal and vertical pocket depths for multirooted tooth.
Furcation probe
32
What conditions contraindicate the use of an ultrasonic scaler?
Patients with demineralization Patients with narrow periodontal pockets Patients with exposed dentin Patients with a pacemaker or communicable disease
33
What drug is often used for the treatment of peridontitis, juvenile periodontits, and rapidly destructive periodontitis?
Tetracycline
34
What is another name for incisional periodontal surgery?
Flap surgery
35
What is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults?
Periodontal diseases are the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.
36
What systemic diseases have a connection to periodontal disease?
Periodontal disease may have connections to cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart attack), respiratory disease (including pneumonia), and preterm birth or low birth rate.
37
Name the structures of the periodontium.
The structures of the periodontium are gingivae, epithelial attachment, sulcus, periodontal ligaments, cementum, and alveolar bone.
38
Name two types of calculus
The two types of calculus are supragingival and subgingival.
39
What are the signs of gingivitis?
The signs of gingivitis are areas of redness and swelling, gingiva that tends to bleed easily, changes in gingival contour, and loss of tissue adaptation to the teeth
40
. What is the definition of periodontitis?
Periodontitis is inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth.
41
What are the signs and symptoms of periodontitis?
The signs and symptoms of periodontitis include red swollen gingivae, bleeding gingivae, lose or separating teeth, pain or pressure when chewing, and pus around the teeth or gingival tissue.
42
How is the severity of periodontal disease determined?
The severity of the disease is determined by the amount of lost attachment.
43
What are the advantages of perioscopy?
Perioscopy allows the clinician to see remaining subgingival calculus, initial decay, or cracks on root surfaces, all with little discomfort to the patient.
44
What is gingivitis?
In the early stages, it includes inflammation, red, and swollen gingiva. Bleeding occurs during brushing and flossingW
45
What is early periodontitis?
includes bacteria/plaque begining to collect, leading to infection, with periodontal pockets beginning to form.
46
What is Moderate Periodontitis?
Begins to see inflammation spreading; supporting bone is lost, teeth loosen, with receding gums.
47
What is Advanced Periodontits?
Involves inflammation of the gingiva and surrounding tissues that results in severe bone loss
48
What tissues would be treated by a periodontist?
attached gingiva free gingiva periodontal ligament alveolar bone epithelial attachment
49
What is recorded on a periodontal chart?
probing measurements tooth mobility recession furcation exudate
50
What are non surgical treatments for periodontal disease?
scaling root planing curettage
51
What are two irritants that may be a significant cause of periodontal disease?
plaque calculus
52
The periodontist may perform a procedure to alter the occlusal load to reduce pressure on certain teeth. What is the name of this procedure?
occlusal equilibration
53
what are the two types of periodontal dressing materials available?
eugenol & non-eugenol
54
how long must the patient wait to rinse after periodontal surgery?
24 hours
55
What is gingival flap surgery?
The oral mucosa is elevated away from the bone, exposing root surfaces and alveolar bone; osseous surgery and thorough root planing may be done.
56
What is gingivoplasty?
growths or defects, but there are no pockets present and thus no pocket reduction is done
57
What is bone grafting?
Donor or sythetic bone is used to augment an area where there is a localized defect.
58
What is subractive osseous surgery?
Alveolar bone is shaped with a handpiece to create a more natural contour and eliminate unhealthy bone.
59
What is gingivectomy?
Free gingival tissue is excised to reduce pocket depths or lengthen the crowns of teeth for esthetics.
60
What is gingival tissue grafting?
Attached gingiva is excised from the palate and transplanted in an area that requires additional attached gingiva.
61
Patient was asked why prophylaxis was not completed in 7 years. Word “Prophylaxis” refers to: _______________
Removal of calculus, bacterial plaque and soft deposits
62
63
Dentist requested device that detects tooth cracks. Which device will you set up?
Perioscope
64
Which of the following systemic connections are relevant to periodontal disease?
cardiovascular disease respiratory disease diabetes
65
Which type of X ray will the taken to determine the extent of crestal bone loss?
vertical bitewing
66
Dentist requested to provide patient with additional information for “Incisional surgery” to address oral health. What is another term for this procedure?
periodontal flap surgery
67
Dentist requested to provide patient with additional information for “Osteoplasty” to address oral health. Osteoplasty is defined as ____________
Osseous surgery
68
Which symptoms identify signs of periodontal disease?
bad taste and bad breath
69
Dental hygienist requested your help chart periodontal readings. How many readings will be recorded per tooth?
6 readings per tooth
70
Your patient’s first appointment will be scheduled to remove calcified deposits. What procedure will be completed?
supragingival & subgingival scaling
71
Another appointment will be scheduled to clean necrotic cementum from sextants of concern as per above scenario. Which procedure will be completed?
root planing
72
What antimicrobial agent will be given to patient to use at home daily?
chlorhexidine rinse
73
One of the least effective antibiotic agents used to combat periodontitis is:
penicillin
74
What are other terms for periodontal debridement?
Scaling and root planing
75
How does periodontal debridement help periodontitis?
- used to help stop the progression of periodontal disease by removing plaque biofilm and plaque biofilm retained in calculus deposits. - helps maintain an environment that promotes tissue health and permits the gingival tissue to heal by eliminating the cause of the inflammation in the tissues supporting her teeth (the periodontium). - some healing of the periodontal tissues normally occurs after completion - healing does not occur overnight, and it may take 4-6 weeks to assess the true healing after the completion of treatment -Reduction of pocket depths is due to the resolution of tissue inflammation and shrinkage of the tissue. As the inflammation in the periodontium resolves, the junctional epithelium can readapt to the tooth surface. -does not result in new bone formation
76
Risk Factor for Periodontitis - Smoking
Smokers have a greater loss of attachment, bone loss, periodontal pocket depths, calculus formation, and tooth loss. Periodontal treatments are less effective in smokers than in nonsmokers
77
Risk Factor for Periodontitis - Diabetes
Diabetes is a strong risk factor for periodontal disease. Individuals with diabetes are 3 x more likely to have attachment and bone loss. Persons who have their diabetes under control have less attachment and bone loss than those with poor control.
78
Risk Factor for Periodontitis - Osteoporosis
An association has been reported between alveolar bone loss and osteoporosis. Women with osteroporosis have increased alveolar bone resorption, attachment loss, and tooth loss compared with women without. Estrogen deficiency has also been linked to decreases in alveolar bone.
79
Risk Factor for Periodontitis - HIV/AIDS
Increased gingival inflammation is noted around the margins of all teeth. Often, patients with HIV/AIDS develop necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis.
80
Risk Factor for Periodontitis - Stress
Pyschological stress is associated with depression of the immune system, and studies show a link between stress and periodontal attachment loss. Research is ongoing to identify the link between stress and periodontal disease
81
Risk Factor for Periodontitis - Medications
Some medications, such as tetracycline and nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs have a beneficial effect on the periodontium, while others have a negative effect. Decrease salivary flow can be caused by more than 400 medications, including diuretics, antihistimines, antipsychotics, antihypertensive agents, and analgesics. Antiseizure drugs and hormens such as estrogen and progesterone can cause gingiva enlargment.
82
Risks Factors for Periodontitis - Local Factors
Overhanging restorations, subgingival placement of crown margins, orthodontic appliances, and removable partial dentures may contribute to the progression of periodontal disease.
83
Risk Factors for Periodontitis - Nutrition
An association with a severe Vitamin C deficiency and scurvy. Gingiva appears red, bulbous, spongy and hemorrhagic.

3 - Dental Specialties (13 decks)

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