Week 2 PP Flashcards
(57 cards)
What is oral and maxillofacial surgery?
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is the specialty of dentistry involving the diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases, injuries, and defects.
The surgical team completes procedures in two types of settings:
-the private dental office
-the hospital or outpatient surgical site
What is an oral surgeon?
A dentist who has received 4-6 years post graduate training in a hospital residency with emphasis on surgical techniques, anesthesiology, and oral medicine.
Circulating Assistant or Surgical Assistant Role
Must have advanced knowledge and skills in: patient assessment and monitoring, specialized instruments, surgical asepsis, surgical procedures, pain control techniques
General Dentist Role in Surgery
Patients are referred by the general dentist for treatment. After treatment, the patient will return to the general dentist for routine dental care, restorations, etc.
Conditions associated with oral and maxillofacial surgery
-severly decayed, nonvital teeth, impacted teeth
-preprosthetic surgery to smooth and recontour the alveolar ridge
-removal of root fragments
-biopsy and removal of cysts and tumors
-surgery, fractures to alter the size or shape of the facial bones, TMJ
-cleft lip and cleft palate repairs
-surgical implant procedures
Forceps Extraction
The surgical removal of a tooth that is fully erupted and has a sold, intact crown that can be grasped firmly with the forceps
Multiple Extractions and Alveoplasty
Multiple extractions procedure involving the contouring and smoothing of the alveolar crest of the surgical site
What if a leftover part of root is left in after an extraction?
Will get infected
Saving parts of the tooth/root during extractions
You are required to save the parts of the root/tooth in order to puzzle it together to ensure all parts of tooth/root have been removed
Removal of Impacted Teeth
A complex extraction of a tooth that has not erupted yet
-soft tissue impaction
-hard tissue impaction - even deeper past gum line
What is Pericoronitis?
Overgrowth of tissue, last molar, false pocket formed collecting food, debris and plaque. Area becomes inflamed and painful
Orthognathic surgery
orthoghantic surgery is performed to correct malformations or functional deformities of the mandible and/or maxilla. Such as.. Class III, anterior open bite, severe bilateral crossbite
Surgical Preparation
-Radiographs, Consent forms, Patient’s physician updates
-Laboratory reports
-Rx
-Prepare written instruction: medications, pre-post operative instructions
-IV (sedation) Nurse
Patient Preparation Pre-Operative - for Surgery
-Update the medical history and lab reports
-Confirm with the patient that any prescribed premedication was taken as directed
-Radiographs ready
-Vital signs for a baseline
-Seat and drape the patient
Setatives / Ride Home
A patient that has received setative cannot drive themselves home. Must arrange a ride home .
Assistant Role During Surgery
-Maintain the chain of asepsis
-Transfer and receive intruments
-provide aspiration and retraction as needed
-maintain a clear operating field with light
-Monitor the patient’s vital signs
*observe the patient’s condition and aticipate the surgeon’s needs
-Nurse (IV)
-steady the patient’s head and mandible if necessary
Surgery Post-Op Care - Bleeding Control
- a 2x2 piece of gauze is folded and placed to control bleeding in encourage clot formation and healing
-keep gauze in place for 30-45 mins
-if bleeding does not stop, call the office
-do not disturb the clot with your tongue or by rinsing your mouth vigorously
-strenous work or physical activity is restricted that day (stay on couch!)
Surgery Post-Op Care - Swelling Control
-During the first 24 hours, a cold pack is placed in a cycle of 20 mins on and 20 mins off
-After the first 24 hours, external heat is appled to the are aof the face in question to increase circulation in the itssues and to promote healing
-after the first 24 hours, the patient may begin gently rinsing the oral cavity with warm saline solution
Surgery Post Op Care - Pain Control
o different types of analgesic taken to decrease discomfort
o often taken prior and after surgery
Surgery Post Op Care - Diet
◦ The day of surgery, the patient can drink liquids and eat
soft, nutritious foods, making sure not to eat anything
too hot or too cold
◦ The patient can begin eating solid foods the next day or
as soon as he or she can chew comfortably
◦ Try to chew on the opposite side of the surgical site
◦ If troubled by nausea and vomiting, call the office
◦ It is important to advise the patient to avoid alcoholic
beverages
Surgery Post Op Care - Medications
- Ativan(Lorazepam) Nitrous Oxide –oral sedative
Ibuprofen - Percocet- moderate to relive severe pain.
- Hydrocodone - severe chronic pain that requires
opioid analgesia
Surgical Complications
Paresthesia
Alveolitis (dry socket)
What is Paresthesia?
Loss of sensation caused by anesthetic before dental treatment - nerve has been nicked
can take up to 6 months to get sensation back
