minority rights (saf attempt) Flashcards by saffi bowen

before native american civil rights took off who managed gov policies towards native americans

the Burea of Indian Affairs

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how did roosevelt reverse the trend of assimilation of native americans

under his Indian new deal (wanted indian tribes but thought they should be run in a ‘constitutional way’, under tribal councils)

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what happened to federal policy towards native americans after roosevelt

federal policy became an assimilation again; the BIA encouraged native americans to move to towns and cities for work, offering job training and housing BUT disrupting tribal culture)

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what did the house of representitives pass in 1953 (native americans)

passed a resolution for termination

(many native americans resisted termination, until under a later ruling termination needed a tribes consent

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when were about half of native americans living in towns or cities

1970

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what was termination

a policy by which native americans were freed from federal control and were protected by us federal and state laws, but triabal lands would be given up for sale

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what were the main issues covered in the Native American fight for civil rights?

TRIBAL HOMELANDS
-Many were moved from their tribal lands due to the Indian removal act of 1830
-by 1960s indian removal act was widely seen as unfair
-many wanted new treaties or even to return to their homelands

SELF DETERMINATION
-native americans distrustful of BIA and wanted to run own affairs

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what was the 1830 indian removal act

-Many were moved from their tribal lands due to the Indian removal act of 1830
-federal gov gave tribes money for their land (treaties by force)

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how did the BIA try to break up Native American culture

-setting up of indian boarding schools from 1893 onwards (made to speak only English, cut hair, not wear traditional clothes and give up customs)

older children placed with farm workers in east and midwest

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what did the 1968 Indian civil rights act do

banned tribes from restricting the civil rights of tribal members (didnt adress the fed gov issue0

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when did Native americans set up AIM and what was it (techniques, aims etc)

1968 (same year as 1968 Indian civil rights act)

AIM (american indian movement)
members mostly young urban ppl

radical stance and the slogan ‘red power’

AIMS
-specific issue with homelands (targeted disputed land for occupation)
-targeted the demeaning of their culture

TECHNIQUE
consciously adopted black american civil rights direct action techniques: sit ins, demonstrations, occupation

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what were the two big Native american civil rights organisations

AIM and The National Congress of Indian Americans

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MAJOR NATIVE AMERICAN PROTESTS

THE ALCATRAZ RED POWER MOVEMENT 1969
alcatraz red power movement took over alcatraz island (former US prison) and occupied it until 1971

1971 AIM PROTEST
AIM protests at white boy scouts preforming ‘Indian dances’ in Topeka, Kansas

1972 AIM TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES
a protest drive carried out by aim to washington to protest outside the BIA (about their management of issues, like not renogating the government treates in the indian revoval act of 1830)
resulted in the occupation of the BIA building

1973 AIM OCCUPATTION OF THE VILLIAGE OF WOUNDED KNEE
aim occupies villiage of wounded knee (gov sent Marshalls and state police: lasted 71 days) aim only withdrew once gov agreed to investigate their demands

1978 LONGEST WALK FROM SAN FRANSICO TO WASHINGTON
-walk from san fransisco to washington to protests about the removal of american indians from their homelands (congress prevoiously stated unwilling to renogotiage treaties made in 1830)

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THE ALCATRAZ RED POWER MOVEMENT

1969
alcatraz red power movement took over alcatraz island (former US prison) and occupied it until 1971

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membership of aim in 1971

hit 4,500 (only 1 mil native americans in US)

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1971 AIM PROTEST

AIM protests at white boy scouts preforming ‘Indian dances’ in Topeka, Kansas

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LONGEST WALK FROM SAN FRANSICO TO WASHINGTON

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1972 AIM TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES

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AIM OCCUPATTION OF THE VILLIAGE OF WOUNDED KNEE

1971 AIM OCCUPATTION OF THE VILLIAGE OF WOUNDED KNEE
aim occupies villiage of wounded knee (gov sent Marshalls and state police: lasted 71 days) aim only withdrew once gov agreed to investigate their demands

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nixon reaction to native american rights

sympathised, thought it was easier to make changes for them than black americans due to difference in population

rejected both termination and forced assimilation

advisors consulted tribal leaders

passed bills through congressfor indian autonomy

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what were the bills passed for native american rights in 70s

1972 INDIAN EDUCATION ACT (funding for tribal schools)

1974 INDIAN FINANCING ACT(lent tribes funding)

1975 INDIAN SELF DETERMINATION ACT (kept bia but made health and education services

1975 VOTING RIGHTS ACT EXTENSION (covered more racial groups inc native americans and provided language assistance when voting)

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1972 INDIAN EDUCATION ACT

(funding for tribal schools)

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1974 INDIAN FINANCING ACT

(lent tribes funding)

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1975 INDIAN SELF DETERMINATION ACT

(kept bia but made health and education services

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1975 VOTING RIGHTS ACT EXTENSION

(covered more racial groups inc native americans and provided language assistance when voting)

LAND RETURNS IN 1970

congress returned blue lake in 1970 some land returns in 70s but only after use of occupation

what did nixons administration not do for native americans

reform the BIA

Hispanic civil rights key issues covered

LAND -after the american mexican war (1846-48) the border was settled between mexico and USA by treaty of guadalupe Hidalgo (mexicans living in areas that became american became us citizens or moved to mexico) WORKERS RIGHTS hispanic farm workers, esp those in bacero program, were abused and forced to pay for less (illegal immigrants) DISCRIMINATION -had to live in spanish speaking areasin worst part of town (often lived near african americans and experienced same discrimination) DEPORTATION operation wetback

what was the bracero programme

1942-64 garunteed mexicans the same waes as existing workers but didnt always work and were forced to work for lower wages

Cesar Chavez

main concern workers rights fought non violent campaigns for rights of farm workers set up a farm workers union and organised strikes, marches and protests (travelled widely)

Tijerina

organised protests abt mexican land rights in New Mexico (started with legal protests then switched to marches, mass demonstrations and camp-ins on national forest land) him and black power leaders signed an agreement to work together

Roldolfo Gonzales

focused on race came to favour radical methods: His crusade for justice influenced a student walkout in LA in 1966 had contacts with black power movement

JOSE ANGEL GUTIERREZ

leader of la raza unida party (encourged hispanics to vote and provided them with party candidate to vote for) SIMILAR TO FREEDOM SUMMER

The Brown Berets

a young militant organisation (hispanic rights) set up in east LA and members wore uniform- INFLUENCE OF THE BLACK PANTHERS campaigned against police brutality and led walkouts

when did chavez set up national farm workers association

1962

when were the brown berets set up

1967

MAJOR HISPANIC AMERICAN PROTESTS

1965 DELANO GRAPE STRIKE delano grape strike of national farm workers association 1967 NATIONAL GRAPE BOYCOTT UFWOC urges national grape boycott 1968 LA SCHOOL WALKOUT 10,000 students walk out of mexican schools in LA 1971 BROWN BERETS MARCH march 1,000 miles to protest police brutality and discrimination 1972 CHAVEZ FAST chavez fasts in arizona for farm labour

Young lords association

young peurto ricas in chicago set up young lords association moddled from the black panthers down to breakfasts for school children

when did the national grape strike end

1970

when did the supreme court rule that hispanics were equal

1954

1966 Congress's Cuban American Adjustment act

all cubs who had lived in us for a year were citizens

chavez outcome

made a big difference to conditions of farm workers

outcome of land issues

still not settled

what discrimination did gay's suffer

restraunts and bars wouldnt serve them and hotels wouldnt take them the lavendar scare

what did congress say about homosexuality in the 1950s

that homosexuality was a mental illness provoking the lavandar scare (parallel to red scare) thousands lost jobs

how was the gay movement formed (stonewall riot)

formed after the incident at the Stonewall inn in Grenwich villiage in 1969 stonewall inn- police raided gay bar (supposedly for breaking liqour licence rules) police was too rough with one of the customers and 400 people started to fight back and police had to barricade themselves inside the bar for safety and then there were protests for several nights after issue of gay rights exploded over next few weeksand the gay liberation front was set up (carried out large peaceful protests

when was the gay liberation from set up and what were their techniques

1969- after stonewall riots peaceful protests for gay rights, marches

1970 new york gay pride march

held 10,000 marchers

gay pride hostility

rural areas in south conservatives ku klux klan

why did gay rights movement spread so rapidly

liberal climate of 60s and 70s, counter culture

where did gay communities spring up

san fransico

what did polls suggest in 1977 about gay rights

that over 50% supported gay rights

successes of gay rights

1974- Kathy kozachenko became first openly gay candidate to be elected into public office 1977- Harvey milk was elected to office in san fransico (openly gay and supported many minority rights between 1979 and 1981 the gov of california appointed 4 openly gay judges

when was harvey milk elected to office and when was he assassinated

1977- Harvey milk was elected to office in san fransico spoke out on struggles of gay rights assassinated alongside pr gay mayor of san fransisco in 1979

marches in 1970

marches in newy york, chicago, San fransico and Los Angeles on stonewall anniversary: first ever gay pride

when did the american psychiatric association remove homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses

1973

what happened to harvey milks assassin and what happened as a result

only given 7 years in prison (leniency due to milk being gay) RESULT:5000 protesters in san fransico city hall, riots broke out and 120 were injured (could be seen as black riot influence)

when was the march on washington for gay rights

1979, 100,000 ppl urging legislation for equal rights

when did democratic party say they would campaign for gy rights

1980

SOC

said gay integration would mean 'norma' children would be corrupted

minority rights (saf attempt) Flashcards

(60 cards)