NATIVE AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS Flashcards
(26 cards)
before native american civil rights took off who managed gov policies towards native americans
the Burea of Indian Affairs
how did roosevelt reverse the trend of assimilation of native americans
under his Indian new deal (wanted indian tribes but thought they should be run in a ‘constitutional way’, under tribal councils)
hat happened to federal policy towards native americans after roosevelt
federal policy became an assimilation again; the BIA encouraged native americans to move to towns and cities for work, offering job training and housing BUT disrupting tribal culture)
what did the house of representitives pass in 1953 (native americans)
passed a resolution for termination
(many native americans resisted termination, until under a later ruling termination needed a tribes consent
what was termination
a policy by which native americans were freed from federal control and were protected by us federal and state laws, but triabal lands would be given up for sale
hen were about half of native americans living in towns or cities
1970
what were the main issues covered in the Native American fight for civil rights?
TRIBAL HOMELANDS
-Many were moved from their tribal lands due to the Indian removal act of 1830
-by 1960s indian removal act was widely seen as unfair
-many wanted new treaties or even to return to their homelands
SELF DETERMINATION
-native americans distrustful of BIA and wanted to run own affairs
what was the 1830 indian removal act
-Many were moved from their tribal lands due to the Indian removal act of 1830
-federal gov gave tribes money for their land (treaties by force)
how did the BIA try to break up Native American culture
-setting up of indian boarding schools from 1893 onwards (made to speak only English, cut hair, not wear traditional clothes and give up customs)
older children placed with farm workers in east and midwest
what did the 1968 Indian civil rights act do
banned tribes from restricting the civil rights of tribal members (didnt adress the fed gov issue0
When did Native americans set up AIM and what was it (techniques, aims etc)
A
1968 (same year as 1968 Indian civil rights act)
AIM (american indian movement)
members mostly young urban ppl
radical stance and the slogan ‘red power’
AIMS
-specific issue with homelands (targeted disputed land for occupation)
-targeted the demeaning of their culture
TECHNIQUE
consciously adopted black american civil rights direct action techniques: sit ins, demonstrations, occupation
what were the two big Native american civil rights organisations
AIM and The National Congress of Indian Americans
MAJOR NATIVE AMERICAN PROTESTS
THE ALCATRAZ RED POWER MOVEMENT 1969
alcatraz red power movement took over alcatraz island (former US prison) and occupied it until 1971
1971 AIM PROTEST
AIM protests at white boy scouts preforming ‘Indian dances’ in Topeka, Kansas
1972 AIM TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES
a protest drive carried out by aim to washington to protest outside the BIA (about their management of issues, like not renogating the government treates in the indian revoval act of 1830)
resulted in the occupation of the BIA building
1973 AIM OCCUPATTION OF THE VILLIAGE OF WOUNDED KNEE
aim occupies villiage of wounded knee (gov sent Marshalls and state police: lasted 71 days) aim only withdrew once gov agreed to investigate their demands
1978 LONGEST WALK FROM SAN FRANSICO TO WASHINGTON
-walk from san fransisco to washington to protests about the removal of american indians from their homelands (congress prevoiously stated unwilling to renogotiage treaties made in 1830)
THE ALCATRAZ RED POWER MOVEMENT
1969
alcatraz red power movement took over alcatraz island (former US prison) and occupied it until 1971
AIM PROTEST
1971 AIM PROTEST
AIM protests at white boy scouts preforming ‘Indian dances’ in Topeka, Kansas
1972 AIM TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES
a protest drive carried out by aim to washington to protest outside the BIA (about their management of issues, like not renogating the government treates in the indian revoval act of 1830)
resulted in the occupation of the BIA building
1973 AIM OCCUPATTION OF THE VILLIAGE OF WOUNDED KNEE
aim occupies villiage of wounded knee (gov sent Marshalls and state police: lasted 71 days) aim only withdrew once gov agreed to investigate their demands
1978 LONGEST WALK FROM SAN FRANSICO TO WASHINGTON
-walk from san fransisco to washington to protests about the removal of american indians from their homelands (congress prevoiously stated unwilling to renogotiage treaties made in 1830)
membership of aim in 1971
hit 4,500 (only 1 mil native americans in US)
nixon reaction to native american rights
sympathised, thought it was easier to make changes for them than black americans due to difference in population
rejected both termination and forced assimilation
advisors consulted tribal leaders
passed bills through congressfor indian autonomy
what were the bills passed for native american rights in 70s
1972 INDIAN EDUCATION ACT (funding for tribal schools)
1975 INDIAN SELF DETERMINATION ACT (kept bia but made health and education services
1975 VOTING RIGHTS ACT EXTENSION (covered more racial groups inc native americans and provided language assistance when voting)
1972 INDIAN EDUCATION ACT
(funding for tribal schools)
1975 INDIAN SELF DETERMINATION ACT
(kept bia but made health and education services
1975 VOTING RIGHTS ACT EXTENSION
(covered more racial groups inc native americans and provided language assistance when voting)
