Misc- Table conference 2 Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
left lung impressions
A
aortic arch, thoracic aorta, cardiac
2
Q
right lung impressions
A
SVC, right brachiocephalic vein, arch of azygos vein, esophagus, cardiac
3
Q
lung visceral innervation
A
vagus
sympathetic
4
Q
lung parietal innervation
A
phrenic
intercostals
5
Q
pulmonary ligament
A
extends inferior to root of lung, holds lung in place
6
Q
where is the lingula and what is it
A
inferior to cardiac notch of left lung
7
Q
what kind of blood do bronchial arteries carry
A
oxygenated
8
Q
where do bronchial arteries originate
A
descending aorta
9
Q
what type of blood do pulmonary arteries carry
A
deoxygenated
10
Q
where do the pulmonary arteries originate
A
pulmonary trunk, which is from the right ventricle
11
Q
where does the pulmonary vein carry blood to
A
left atrium
12
Q
what are plural cavities?
A
space in thorax for lungs
13
Q
difference between visceral and parietal plurae?
A
visceral- covers lungs
parietal- covers thorax
14
Q
what is between visceral and parietal plurae, what’s its function?
A
serous fluid; creates frictionless surface for lungs to move
15
Q
what space would you insert a needle for a plural tap? what is this space called?
A
intercostal space T7-9; costodiaphragmatic recess
16
Q
what is the “root” of the lung? what is there?
A
hilum
bronchus, arteries, veins enter the lung here
17
Q
what nerve provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the lungs?
A
vagus nerve
18
Q
what is in the white ramus comunicans?
A
preganglionic symapthetic nerves (myelinated)
19
Q
parasympathetic cranial nerves
A
III,
VII,
IX,
X
20
Q
what organs are innervated by pelvic sphlancnics
A
descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
21
Q
what is the function of the azygos system of veins?
A
drains the thoracic vessels (intercostal veins) into the SVC and IVC; shunt from IVC to SVC or reverse
22
Q
what does azygos mean
A
unpaired
23
Q
what does vagus mean
A
wandering
24
Q
what does duodenum mean
A
twelve finger-breadths
25
why is left recurrent laryngeal nerve in a strange path, what is it a branch of?
branch of vagus, wraps down and then up around the aorta because it was pulled down during development
26
which main bronchus has a more direct route to the lung?
right; it's more vertical
27
what veins drain into the azygos?
intercostal veins
28
sternal angle- what is it the level of?
```
rib 2
loop of left recurrent laryngeal nerve
start/end of aortic arch
bifurcation of the trachea
intervertebral disc T4-5
```
29
what are bronchopulmonary segments?
bronchi and their successive divisions
30
what does right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around
loops around right subclavian artery
31
number of segmental bronchi - left
9
32
number of segmental bronchi - right
10
33
ligamentum arteriosum
connects left pulmonary artery - arch of aorta
34
what/where is the carina?
bifurcation of the trachea into main stem bronchi
35
fossa ovale
right-left atria septum; was formane ovale in embryo, shunted oxygenated blood from right to left atrium
36
what forms the posterior aspect of tracheal rings?
trachealis muscle-smooth muscle tissue
37
what are tracheal rings made of?
hylaine cartilage
38
where is the thoracic duct?
"duck between 2 goose"
between esophagus and azogus
39
why are arteries called "coronary" and veins "cardiac"?
coronary arteries originate at aorta, run around crown of heart - sulcus
cardiac veins originate lower at right atrium, cardiac=heart
40
small cardiac vein pairs with
marginal artery
41
middle cardiac vein pairs with
posterior interventricular artery
42
great cardiac vein pairs with
left anterior descending artery
43
where do cardiac veins drain into
coronary sinus > right atrium
44
layers of heart wall
endocaridum
myocardium
epicardium
45
sulci of the heart
anterior/posterior interventricular, coronary
46
innervation of pericardium
phrenic nerve
47
fibers of pericardium?
GSE
48
blood supply to pericardium?
pericardiacophrenic artery
49
why are coronary arteries called functional end arteries?
don't anastomose enough to perfuse heart if blocked
50
most common sites of blockage in heart?
LAD
circumflex
right coronary artery
51
heart referred pain- where is it felt?
dermatomes T1-T5, C2-C3
52
which heart valves work via pressure differences?
aortic, pulmonary, open during systole
53
which heart valves work via muscular action?
tricuspid, mitral
54
what type of nerve fibers innervate the heart?
GVA
55
tricuspid valves named
1. anterior
2. posterior
3. septal
56
what holds valves down from flapping up?
cordae tendonae
57
what muscles hold the cordae tendonae?
papillary muscles
58
where is the moderate band (septomarginal trabecula), what does it do?
right ventricle ONLY!
| connects anterior papillary m. to interventricular septum
59
muscles of the right atrial wall
pectinate m. (horizontal), crista terminale (vertical)
60
muscles of right ventricular wall
trabeculae carneae
61
what is the most anterior portion of the heart
right ventricle
62
pulmonary valve cusps
1. right
2. anterior
3. left
63
where does blood go from right atrium
through tricuspid valve, to right ventricle
64
where does blood go from right ventricle
through pulmonary valve, to right and left pulmonary arteries
65
how is pulmonary trunk related to the aorta?
anterior
66
what is the ligament between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk?
ligamentum arteriosum
67
after blood goes through lungs, what does it return to heart through?
pulmonary veins, to left atrium
68
where is the conus ateriosus?
right ventricle
69
blood from pulmonary veins de/oxygenated?
oxygenated
70
only veins that carry oxygenated blood in body?
pulmonary veins
71
only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood in body?
pulmonary arteries
72
where does blood go from left atrium?
through mitral valve, to left ventricle
73
cusps of mitral valve?
1. anterior
| 2. posterior
74
most muscular part of heart?
left ventricle
75
blood from left ventricle goes where?
through aortic valve, through aorta
76
cusps of aortic valve?
1. right
2. posterior
3. left
77
where are the aortic sinus?
behind the valve cusps of the aortic valve
78
what comes out of aortic sinus?
blood to coronary arteries
79
which valves are open during sistole?
aortic, pulmonary
80
which valves are open during diastole?
tricuspid, mitral
81
first branch off abdominal aorta
inferior phrenic
| before celiac trunk!
82
purpose of greater omentum?
support, protect abdominal structures in event of ulcer; facilitates healing; protects from infection
83
what is in the portal triad?
bile duct, portal vein, proper hepatic artery
84
what does portal triad run in?
hepatoduodenal ligament
85
intraperitoneal organs
liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, 1st part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, appendix
86
which of the GI tract organs aren't intraperitoneal
ascending colon, descending, colon, 2nd part of duodenum
87
primary retroperitoneal organs
kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, IVC, testes
88
extraperitoneal structures
bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus, ovaries
89
secondarily retroperitoneal structures
2-4th part of duodenum, cecum, ascending and descending colon, rectum, pancreas
90
border of foregut
2nd part of duodenum
91
what are the paracolic gutters
either side of ascending/descending colon, drain fluids
92
pelvic sphlancnic root values
S2-S4
93
sympathetic innervation of abdomen
greater, lesser, lumbar (thoracic) sphlancnics
94
parasympathetic innervation of abdomen
vagus until left colic flexure; then, pelvic sphlancnics (S2-S4)
95
greater splanchninc nerves root value?
greater: T5-9
lesser: T10-11
least: T12
lumbar: L1-2
96
primary fiber type of greater splanchnic nerve?
GVE primarily, but also GVA
97
alimentary tract, from proximal to distal
mouth, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum (4 parts), jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
98
what are the subdivisions of small intestine?
duodenum (intraperitoneal, 2-4th parts secondarily retroperitoneal), jejunum (intraperitoneal), ileum (intraperitoneal)
99
subdivisions of large intestine?
cecum (secondarily retroperitoneal), ascending (secondarily retroperitoneal), transverse (intraperitoneal), descending colon (secondarily retroperitoneal), sigmoid colon (intraperitoneal)
100
what is "a" mesentery?
double layer of peritoneum
101
what is "THE" mesentery?
mesentery supporting small intestine
| blood supply runs through from SMA and IMA to the small intestine
102
early pain from appendicitis?
referred to T10, belly button
103
3 unpaired vessels of abdominal aorta?
celiac, SMA, IMA, median sacral
104
vertebral level of celiac trunk?
T12
105
vertebral level of SMA?
LI
106
vertebral level of IMA?
LIII
107
what do ventral branches of aorta tend to do?
supply gut, unpaired organs like liver
108
what do lateral branches of aorta tend to do?
supply specific paired organs, like kidneys
109
direct branches of abdominal aorta?
renals, medial suprarenals, inferior phrenics, testicular/ovarian, lumbars (1-4)
110
arteries that supply diaphragm?
superior and inferior phrenics, musculophrenic, pericardiacophrenic
111
inferior phrenics arise from?
abdominal aorta
112
superior phrenics arise from?
thoracic aorta
113
musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arise from?
internal thoracic artery
114
suprarenal glands supplied by?
superior, medial, inferior suprarenal arteries
115
hepatic v. portal vein?
portal: carries blood from all digestive organs into liver for filtering
hepatic: carry blood away from liver into IVC for systemic circulation
116
what is "marginal" artery? where? clinical significance?
inside the Mesentery; connects vessels carrying blood to vasa recta; suppled by both SMA and IMA, so major collateral route
117
left renal vein function?
drains much of left part of abdomen, direct extension of IVC
118
why called "bare area" of liver?
no peritoneum, liver directly contacts diaphragm
119
what are coronary ligaments?
on "crown" of liver, connect to diaphragm
120
bile passage route?
bile made in liver > hepatic duct > common bile duct when joins cystic duct > duodenum or back through cystic duct to gall bladder for storage
121
IVC location re: portal vein?
dorsal
122
main tributaries of portal vein?
SMV, splenic vein
123
wehre woudl you feel biliary colic?
T7-9
124
hepato-portal system function
drains blood from digestive organs into liver for filtration before entering systemic circulation
