Table Conference 2: Syllabi Questions, Answered

Question 1

what are plural cavities

Answer 1

potential space between visceral and parietal pleurae, filled with serous fluid; can fill with air/blood

Question 2

where do pleural tap?

Answer 2

T7-9

Question 3

what is “root” of lung?

Answer 3

hilum; where arteries, bronchi, veins are

Question 4

nerve providing preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to lungs?

Answer 4

vagus

Question 5

what in white ramus communicans?

Answer 5

preganglionic sympathetic GVE fibers- myelinated

Question 6

root value of greater splanchnic nerve

Answer 6

T5-9

Question 7

primary fiber type in greater splanchnic?

Answer 7

GVE

Question 8

other fiber type in greater splanchninc?

Answer 8

GVE and GVA

Question 9

arteries that supply lungs with oxygenated blood?

Answer 9

bronchial arteries, from thoracic aorta

Question 10

function of azygos system of veins?

Answer 10

anastomosis between SVC and IVC; drains intercostal veins

Question 11

azygos means?

Answer 11

unpaired

Question 12

left recurrent laryngeal comes off of?

Answer 12

vagus

Question 13

which main bronchus has more vertical path to lung?

Answer 13

right, things will go into right side if aspirated

Question 14

“bronchopulmonary” segments?

Answer 14

segments of lungs corresponding to parts of bronchi

Question 15

why are arteries “coronary”? arteries and veins “cardiac” veins?

Answer 15

coronary- because go around crown of heart

cardiac- because on heart itself

Question 16

path of blood flow through heart in late term fetus?

Answer 16

svc/ivc > right atrium > foramen ovales > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta

Question 17

ductus arteriosis

Answer 17

shunts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta in fetus

Question 18

blood flow through heart in an adult

Answer 18

svc/ivc > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta

Question 19

What structure is prominent in the anterior part of the superior mediastinum in an infant but only remains as a fatty mass in an adult?

Answer 19

thymus

Question 20

right vs left main bronchi?

Answer 20

right is more vertical, shorter, bigger, and has 10 segments, left is more horizontal, taller, smaller, has 9 segments

Question 21

What and where is the “carina”?

Answer 21

where trachea bifurcates into left and right bronchi; at sternal angle, T4-T5

Question 22

“primary” type of nerve fiber that you will find in the vagus nerve in the middle of the thorax?

Answer 22

preganglionic GVE

Question 23

what is anterior, trachea or esophagus?

Answer 23

trachea

Question 24

type of muscle fiber comprises the distal portion of the esophagus?

Answer 24

smooth muscle

Question 25

What nerve will innervate the esophagus?

Answer 25

vagus

Question 26

What type of nerve fiber would innervate the esophagus?

Answer 26

GSE proximally, GVE distally

Question 27

What forms the posterior aspect of tracheal rings?

Answer 27

trachealis muscles

Question 28

What are the different "splanchnic" nerves?

Answer 28

greater, lesser, least, lumbar- pelvic splanchnics, of sympathetic division of ANS

Question 29

root values of splancnics?

Answer 29

greater: T5-9 lesser: T10-11 least: T12 lumbar: L1-L2

Question 30

what fiber types are in splancnic nerves?

Answer 30

GVE primarily, also GVA; not GSE or GSA because not skeletal muscle

Question 31

what is right coronary artery dominance?

Answer 31

dominance is which coronary artery gives rise to posterior interventricular artery

Question 32

what is an "end" artery?

Answer 32

no anastomosis

Question 33

why are coronary arteries "functional" end arteries?

Answer 33

do have some anastomoses but not enough to do collateral circulation

Question 34

when do coronary arteries fill with blood?

Answer 34

diastole because valves are away from sinuses of aortic semilunar valves

Question 35

usual area of "referred pain" from the heart?

Answer 35

left arm, left jaw; T1-5, C2-3

Question 36

what comprises conduction system of the heart?

Answer 36

cell depolarization; SA node; AV node by inter antrial septum by bundle of His; perkinje fibers

Question 37

what and where is fossa ovalis? what was it embryologically?

Answer 37

between R and L atria; it is oval shape; was foramen ovale which shunted blood from R atrium to L atrium without going through pulmonary system

Question 38

which valves work via pressure differences, which via muscular actions?

Answer 38

pressure: aortic, pulmonary (semilunar) muscular: tricuspid, mitral (atrio-ventricular)

Question 39

what makes A-V flaps move?

Answer 39

cordae tendinae with papillary muscles

Question 40

where is moderator band?

Answer 40

RV

Question 41

role of greater omentum?

Answer 41

provides fatty apron over abdominal viscera, organs; contains infections in viscera from spreading; promotes healing, supports/protects from ulcers

Question 42

structures of portal triad

Answer 42

bile duct, hepatic artery proper, portal vein

Question 43

intraperitoneal

Answer 43

develops within mesentery

Question 44

primarily retroperitoneal

Answer 44

developed behind mesentery, stayed there

Question 45

secondarily retroperitoneal

Answer 45

developed within mesentery but migrated out - adheres to posterior peritoneal wall

Question 46

extraperitoneal

Answer 46

developed outside of mesentery (bladder)

Question 47

primarily retroperitoneal mnemonic

Answer 47

kids and infants are tiny kidney, aorta, ivc, adrenal glands, testes

Question 48

secondarily retroperitoneal mnemonic

Answer 48

AC/DC rockers can party down ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, cecum, pancreas, duodenal root

Question 49

extraperitoneal mnemonic

Answer 49

BEE soup bladder, seminal vesicles, ovary, uterus, prostate

Question 50

alimentary tract, proximal to distal

Answer 50

mouth, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum (4 parts), jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

Question 51

subdivisions of the "small" intestine?

Answer 51

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 52

parts of small intestine that are intra/retroperitoneal?

Answer 52

2nd-4th parts of duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal; rest is intraperitoneal

Question 53

subdivisions of the "large" intestine?

Answer 53

cecum, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Question 54

large intestine re: peritoneum?

Answer 54

intraperitoneal: transverse, sigmoid secondarily retro: cecum, ascending, descending

Question 55

what is a mesentery?

Answer 55

double layer of parietal peritoneum

Question 56

what is THE mesentery

Answer 56

connects the small intestine

Question 57

paracolic "gutters"?

Answer 57

areas by ascending and descending colons, can collect fluid there

Question 58

early appendicitis pain?

Answer 58

belly button because T10 sympathetics refer pain there

Question 59

early pain?

Answer 59

touching visceral, not parietal peritoneum

Question 60

"bare area" of the liver?

Answer 60

no peritoneum; top right part on diaphragmatic/posterior surface

Question 61

what are coronary ligaments?

Answer 61

on crown of liver, diaphragmatic surface

Question 62

route of bile passage

Answer 62

bile made in liver > hepatic duct > common bile duct when joins cystic duct > duodenum or back through cystic duct to gall bladder for storage

Question 63

nerve carrying preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the gallbladder?

Answer 63

vagus

Question 64

Why is it often said that the liver can be divided into segments similar to those of the lung? What is meant by this?

Answer 64

porta hepatis is like hilum; right, left, caudate and quadrate lobes are like the inferior, middle, superior lobes

Question 65

ligaments of liver

Answer 65

falciform, ligamentum venosum

Question 66

autonomic innervation of abomdinal viscera

Answer 66

parasymp: vagus til left colic flexure, then S2-S4 pelvic splancnics symp: greater, lesser, least, lumbar

Question 67

greater to

Answer 67

foregut

Question 68

lesser

Answer 68

to midgut

Question 69

least

Answer 69

to hindgut

Question 70

biliary colic felt where?

Answer 70

T5-9 - foregut - greater splancnic

Question 71

3 unpaired vessels off abdominal aorta

Answer 71

celiac, SMA, IMA

Question 72

branches off abdominal aorta besides the 3 unpaired vessels

Answer 72

renals, medial suprarenals, inferior phrenics, testicular/ovarian, lumbars (1-4)

Question 73

What vertebral levels do the major abdominal aortic branches correspond to?

Answer 73

celiac: T12 SMA: L1 IMA: L3

Question 74

vasa recta

Answer 74

are arteriae rectae | jejunum has more than ileum

Question 75

why important that IVC is dorsal to portal vein?

Answer 75

if have portal hypertension, and hemorrhaging blood in esophagus, can hook up portal vein to IVC and alleviate esophageal problem but then get toxins in blood because liver isn't filtering anything short circuit portal system, take it out of hepatic system

Question 76

main tributaries of portal vein?

Answer 76

superior mesenteric vein > splenic vein inferior mesenteric vein > splenic vein, although sometimes > superior mesenteric vein

Question 77

portal vs hepatic vein?

Answer 77

portal: takes blood from GI tract > liver for filtration hepatic: takes blood from liver that is detoxified > IVC > heart

Question 78

nutcracker syndrome

Answer 78

left superior mesenteric artery hooks around left renal vein

Question 79

left vs right renal vein

Answer 79

left is larger than right

Question 80

What nerve carries pre-ganglionic parasympathetics to the stomach, liver, gall bladder?

Answer 80

vagus

Question 81

What nerve (s) carry pre-ganglionic parasympathetics to the descending colon or rectum?

Answer 81

pelvic splancnic