Missed Questions Flashcards
(310 cards)
1
Q
How much feces do you need for a test?
A
2 grams
2
Q
When can the fetal skeleton be seen on xray?
A
42 days
3
Q
What muscles do the quads include?
A
rectus femoris and vastis muscles
4
Q
What is mulberry heart disease?
A
Disease in swine caused by vitamin e deficiency
5
Q
What is the tidal volume of a dog?
A
15 ml/kg
6
Q
What meds are used to treat fleas?
A
Lufenuron
Fipranil
Imidacloprid
7
Q
What is pediculosis
A
Lice infestation
8
Q
What is the olecranon part of?
A
Ulna
9
Q
Where are IV catheters placed in horses?
A
jugular
10
Q
What can chocolate toxicosis cause?
A
tachycardia
11
Q
What causes saddle thrombus?
A
Heart disease
12
Q
What does mitochondria produce?
A
ATP
13
Q
What way should you never give Potassium?
A
bolus
14
Q
Should oxygen be higher in the lungs or the capillaries?
A
Lungs
15
Q
What causes red bag?
A
premature placental eruption
16
Q
Where is the aqueous fluid located?
A
anterior chamber of the eye
17
Q
What is normal sulcus depth?
A
0-3 mm
18
Q
How much blood is safe to draw from a horse?
A
15-16 ml/kg
19
Q
What do myelograms use?
A
contrast dye
20
Q
What does 3.5 mm represent in screws?
A
Diameter
21
Q
What does atipamezole reverse?
A
medetomidine
22
Q
What is included in the uveitis?
A
ciliary body, iris, and choroid
23
Q
What causes ehrlichia
A
brown dog tick
24
Q
Can seromas be treated with antibiotics?
A
no
25
Define afferent and efferent?
Afferent is towards
Efferent is away
26
What causes night blindness in goats?
Vitamin a deficiency
27
What does quinidine treat?
atrial fibrillation in horses
28
What can chloramphenicol cause in humans?
aplastic anemia
29
Where is nutrient absorption greatest?
jejunum
30
What causes Johns Diseases?
mycobacterium
31
What nerve should you be concerned about during calving?
obturator
32
What is measured in the California mastitis test?
somatic cell count
33
What is used to make impressions of teeth?
alginate
34
What is horizontal beam used to diagnos?
free air or fluid
35
What should you do if a patient is apneic?
intubate
ventilate
call vet
36
What is safe to put in the ear if ear drum is ruptured?
NaCl
37
What does a hypotonic solution do to RBCs?
Cause them to burst
38
Where is the thyroid gland?
ventral neck
39
How do you sex turtles?
Plastron is concave in males
40
What is normal central venous pressure?
0-10 cm H2O
41
What does Strongyloides westeri cause?
Diarrhea in young horses
42
What is the ortolani sign for?
hip dysplasia
43
What can happen if you dont taper prednisone?
Cause hypadrenocorticism
44
What is the dog and cat vertebral formula?
C7T13L7S3
45
Is propofol a controlled substance?
no
46
When does ovulation happen?
During estrus
47
What does the parathyroid hormone regulate?
potassium
48
Where should IM injection be in dog?
epaxials
49
What does the CN1 control?
Sense of smell
50
Where is the mitral valve
between left atrium and ventricle
51
What causes visceral larval migrans?
Roundworms
52
What is bovine Vertebral formula?
C7T13L6S5
53
What tube should you use in abdominal cytology?
EDTA
54
What is the blood flow for a fetus?
pulmonary artery to aorta to ductus arteriosus
55
What tube do you use for APTT and PT
Citrate
56
What is the normal urine sg?
1.008-1.012
57
What is the fetlock joint?
Metacarpophalangeal
58
What is the skyline view?
Dorsoproximal/Dorsodistal
59
What would happen with injury to the brain stem?
Respiratory arrest
60
What does CN VI control
lateral rectus muscle
61
How do you improve radiographic quality?
Increase MAS Decrease Time
62
How long does it take for sq fluids to disperse?
5-8 hours
63
Do pigs teeth continuously abrupt?
No
64
What can Phenylbutazone cause?
Tissue sloughing
65
When do you see heinz bodies?
oxidative damage
66
What is cushings disease?
Hyperadrenocorticism
67
What is ptyalism?
excessive salivation
68
What is bruxism?
teeth grinding
69
What is borborygmi?
Gurgling sounds in the intestines
70
What is MRI equipment made of?
aluminum
71
What is lyme dz spread by?
Ixodes or deer tick
72
What is trilostane and what does it treat?
Vetoryl treats cushings
73
What is Pachecos disease
herpes disease in psittacines
74
What is the left atrium and ventricle separated by?
mitral or bicuspid valve
75
What are the normal respirations of a cat?
24-42
76
What does the Mannitol Salt Agar do
Select for Staphylococcus
77
What does the oscillometric or doppler measure?
Indirect blood pressure
78
What kind of viruses survive longer in the environment?
non-enveloped
79
Do parasite undergo development on a paratenic host?
no
80
How many sides does a cystine crystal have?
6
81
What species develop caries?
Rabbit, chinchilla and dog
82
What neurotransmitter is responsible for the sympathetic nervous system?
epinephrine
83
How do you identify Strongyloides stercoralis?
Baermann technique
84
What does BUN assess?
breakdown product of protein
85
What is peritonitis?
inflammation of the internal abdominal lining
86
What is cherry eye?
prolapse of the gland of nictitans
87
What is true of higher frequency probes?
Increased image resolution but decreased penetrating ability
88
What do you give for organophosphate toxicity?
Atropine
89
What does antifreeze damage?
renal system
90
What does periodontal disease affect?
gingiva
91
How do you leak check an incision?
sterile syringe, needle, and saline
92
What are the signs of shock?
Increased HR
Decreased BP
Pale gums
93
How many 3-rooted teeth are in dogs?
6 all maxillary
94
What is red bag?
Protrusion of the chorioallantois
95
Is red bag an emergency?
yes
96
Where is the thymus located?
cranial mediastinum of the chest
97
What species does not have gallbladders?
horses
98
What are robert jones bandages for?
Stabilize fractures
99
How do you measure for multi lumen jugular catheters?
to 3rd thoracic vertebrae
100
What are the signs of cyanide toxicity in horses?
respiratory distresss with bright red blood and MM
101
What can cause a loss of motor function during epidurals?
Only phenothiazine tranquilizers
102
What is blood lactate a measure of?
blood perfusion and O2 deliveryto tissues
103
How many ml in a tsp?
5
104
Where should you never administer IM injections in a horse?
epaxials
105
What suture should you use for loop sutures?
0 or 1-0 monofilament nonabsorbable
106
What do positive inotropic drugs do?
Increase cardiac contractility
107
What is the gestation length of horses?
340 days
108
What does horners syndrome cause?
miosis
109
Where are sertoli cell tumors found?
testicles
110
What causes white muscle disease?
Vitamin E and selenium deficiency
111
How do you position for sx for a luxated hip?
Lateral recumbency
112
How do you position for a radiograph of the stifle?
Linb to the left and proximal aspect to the top
113
What does tetracycline cause?
tooth discoloration
114
What are trichodectes?
Biting lice
115
How many BPM for CPR in a dog
80-120
116
What carries oxygen to the fetus?
umbilical vein
117
What is the adverse effect of fluoroquinolones?
articular cartilage
118
What are best inhalants for horses - best to worst?
Sevo, halo, iso
119
What is the perk of non-screen film?
more sensitive to xrays
120
What do cholinergic agents do?
Decrease HR
Increase Salivation
Increase Intestinal Motility
Widen pupil
121
What does the sarcoplasmic reticulem do?
Release calcium to achieve muscle contraction
122
What is the HR of the horse?
25-50 BPm
123
What does CNII innervate?
retina
124
Describe how fixer and developer works
1st developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver
2nd fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals
125
What do the doyen forceps do?
atraumatically clamp the intestines
126
What do drugs with low solubility produce?
rapid induction and recovery rates
127
What mite does not cause pruritis?
demodex
128
What virus can Macaque monkeys get?
Herpes Virus B
129
What is it if you get milky fluid in a thoracocentesis
Chylothorax
130
What does the coombs test evaluate?
immune mediated hemolytic anemia
131
What is the coggins test for?
equine infectious anemia
132
What is the baermann technique?
uses a wire net or cheese cloth to strain
133
What is a major end product in birds?
uric acid
134
What can larval migration of S. vulgaris cause?
significant verminous arteritis in the mesenteric arteries and thrombosis resulting in colic
135
What is the triangular region of the bladder
trigone
136
What is the sarcolemma
cell membrane that encloses muscle fiber
137
Where should blood draws be in cancer patients?
jugular
138
How many g in an oz?
28.35
139
What stage of HW is susceptible to preventatives/
L3
140
Do preanesthetic drugs decrease BP
No
141
Is fasting required for reptiles?
No
142
What is the autonomic nervous system represent?
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
143
Where does sperm mature?
epdidymis
144
What vein should you use in a dehydrated rabbit?
marginal ear vein
145
Where is the SA node located?
right atrium
146
What lighting do turtles need?
UVB
147
What is decreased with hypochromasia?
MCHC
148
What does the screen do in an xray?
Decrease exposure necessary to create image
149
What indicates parturition is imminent/
Drop in body temp
150
What does Sarcocysitis neurona cause?
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
151
What does the condenser do?
Focus light on the object being viewed
152
What does propanolol do?
slows the HR
153
What is sodium fluoride do?
measure blood glucose
154
What can phenylbutazone cause?
right dorsal colitis
155
When should xylazine be used with extreme caution?
ruminants
156
What can acepromazine cause that effects stallions?
permanent penile prolapse
157
What should you use for long term eye medication in horses?
subpalpebral lavage system
158
What is the RR of a dog?
10-30 rpm
159
What do lactose fermenting bacteria appear as?
pink or red
160
What can addisons dz cause?
severe bradycardia
161
What is known as feline parvo?
panleukopenia
162
What pumps blood towards the lungs?
Right ventricle
163
What does a PCR test do?
amplifies DNA
164
What do you need for rodenticide toxicity?
fresh frozen plasma
165
What is the benefit of a larger filament?
Higher exposures can be used
166
What is a side effect of methimazole?
itchy face
167
What does colostrum have that is necessary?
immunoglobulins
168
What can happen with being laterally recumbent for too long?
atelectasis
169
What is ostertagia?
brown stomach worm
170
Why use epinephrine with lidocaine?
prolongs the duration
171
What can hypokalemia cause?
ventroflexion of the neck and extreme weakness
172
Does acepromazine cause vomiting?
no
173
What is the panniculus reflex test?
pinching the skin lateral to the vertebral spine
174
Where are the oviduct?
fallopian tubes
175
What does wrights stain do?
Differentiate blood cell types
176
What will happen if xray beam is perpendicular to the radius and ulna?
Will be foreshortened
177
Why do dogs tie?
bulbis glandulis swells
178
What causes vaginal cells to proliferate?
estrogen
179
What is an indication of preeclampsia?
Low calcium levels
180
What can be used for ventricular premature contractions?
lidocaine
181
What nerve is CNI
olfactory
182
When do cows go into estrous?
Every 21 days
183
What does polycythemia do to PCV
increase hematocrit
184
What does clomipramine treat?
separation anxiety
185
What is trichodectes?
lice
186
What is effective against nematodes?
Ivermectin
187
What is an analytical error in a laboratory value?
variation in temperature
188
How do you calculate fluid deficit?
KG x % dehydration = liters
189
What do piglets need within 3 days of birth?
iron dextrose shots in neck
190
How do you calculate minute volume?
RR x Tidal volume
191
How do you calculate WBC differential?
% of WBC type x total wbc count
192
What do lysosomes do?
make enzymes to break up cellular debris
193
How do you position a horse for castration?
Lateral recumbency with upper rear leg tied around head
194
What is the order of bovine stomach?
Rumen
Reticulem
Omasum
Abomasum
195
What is trilostane?
Vetoryl
196
Where do you place an aterial catheter indogs?
Dorsal metatarsal
197
What does the atlantoaxial joint do?
Moves head from side to side
198
How long do you wait before evaluation of a california mastitis test?
20 seconds
199
What does oxidative damage cause?
Heinz bodies
200
What causes oxidative damage?
lead poisoning
201
What is the canine shock dose?
90 ml/kg
202
What should an animal with cardiac insufficiency restrict?
sodium
203
What is the most common swine parasite?
Ascaris suum
204
What is bog spavin?
Tarsocrural effusion
205
What can increased input to the vagus nerve cause?
bradycardia
206
What species has a double row of incisors?
rabbits
207
What factors most influence xray beam quality?
kvp and filtration
208
What principle of radiation says you should continue to decrease radiation exposure?
ALARA - as low as reasonably allowed
209
What does parathyroid hormone regulate?
calcium
210
What size fence should you use for goats?
6 foot
211
What is hyperechoic on an ultrasound image?
bone and gas
212
What test should you run with petechia?
Template bleeding time (TBT) which determines the platelets ability to plug a wound
213
What are the symptoms of cyanide toxicity in a horse?
respiratory distress
dilated pupils
bright red mm
214
What are the frequencies and wave lengths of xrays compared to visible light?
Xrays have higher frequencies and shorter wave lengths
215
What do axons do?
Carry impulses away from neuronal cell bodies
216
What is the HR of a horse?
25-50 bpm
217
What vein should you avoid in swine?
Left jugular
218
What is true about reptile sterilization?
ovaries should always be removed
219
What is the point of arterial blood samples in blood gas analysis?
Determine oxygenation
220
What mm do you evaluate in a horse?
nasal mucosa
conjunctiva
vulva
221
Where is nutrient absorption the greatest?
jejunum
222
What is ear canal ablation?
sx excision and closure of external ear canal
223
What can bacterial sepsis cause?
hypoglycemia
224
What parasite has both a direct and indirect life cycle?
Toxocara canis
225
What do you need for a minor cross match?
recipient rbcs and donor plasma
226
What species is most susceptible to copper toxicity?
sheep
227
What will happen if xray beam is perpendicular to cassette of radius and ulna?
They will be foreshortened
228
What is a jamshidi needle for?
bone marrow core biopsy
229
What happens to the view with a compound microscope?
upside down and reversed
230
What does myasthenia gravis cause?
weakness and muscle fatigue
231
Describe the effects of xylazine?
sedative, analgesic, and provides muscle relaxation
232
How long can you leave a pressure bandage on?
4 hours
233
When should a robert bandage be used?
When fractures are distal to the elbow or stifle
234
What protein is higher in plasma than serum?
fibrinogen
235
What organism causes equine protozoal myeloenchephalitis (EPM) in the horse?
Sarcocystitis neurona
236
What is used in a minor cross match?
Recipient Red Blood Cells
Donor Plasma
237
What is the common name for proliferative ileitis in hamsters?
Wet tail
238
What heart valve is responsible for separating blood between the left atrium and left ventricle?
mitral or bicuspid valve
239
What is the etiology of C. botulinism in cattle?
ingestion
240
What can gentamicin cause?
nephrotoxicity
241
What class of antibiotic is gentamicin?
aminoglycoside
242
What medication can be prescribed to increase blood pressure?
iv dopamine
243
What are the common toxicities in cattle?
1. aspergillus
2. salt
3. lead
244
What medication is used for an NSAID overdose?
Misoprostol
245
What disease leads to jaundice and anemia in young foals?
neonatal isoerythrolysis
246
A cataract is an opaque protein deposit on what structure?
lens
247
What species if overworked is most at risk for hyperthermia?
sheep and pigs
248
What is the term that describes nerve fibers that carry an impulse towards the brain?
afferent
249
How many mammary glands does the goat have?
2
250
Will ketamine cause hypotension?
no
251
What is the name of the portion of the stomach that attaches to the esophagus?
cardia
252
What are the landmarks for placing an epidural in a dog or cat
Wings of the ilium
Dorsal spinous process of L7
Indentation of the lumbosacral injunction
253
Which nerve is most effected with a humeral fracture?
radial
254
What is minute volume?
volume of air inspired during one minute of respiration
255
How do you calculate the minute volume of cats?
180-380 ml/kg/min
256
What is true of anesthetic drugs with low solubility?
Produce rapid induction and recovery rates
257
What error would result in a radiograph being completely clear?
Exposed film was put in a fixer before developer
258
What condition in cats would cause glucosuria besides diabetes?
Renal disease
259
If a dog is having a seizure and you cannot hit a vein, where can you administer valium?
rectal
260
What organization establishes standards for food labels?
AAFCO
261
What does it mean if an animal is a paratenic host?
Does not undergo development on that animal
262
Which bone articulates with the patella?
femur
263
When should you give perioperative antibiotics?
30 minutes prior to incision
264
What hormone causes vaginal cells to proliferate?
estrogen
265
What kind of drug is dexamethasone?
steroid
266
What type of placenta does a ruminant have?
cotyledonary
267
What is the order of intestinal segments?
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
colon
268
How should ropes be tied to horses?
3 feet of slack and level with the top of the horses back
269
On ultrasound what structure would be a hyperechoic linear structure against the bladder wall?
urolith
270
What is the schiff-sherrington posture?
Paralysis of the hindlimbs
271
What is the normal amount of gastric reflux obtained from a healthy horse via nasogastric tube placement?
1-3 liters
272
Parathyroid hormone regulates which blood value?
Calcium
273
What is founder?
Inflammation of the laminae and rotation of the third phalanx
274
Ovulation occurs during which part of the estrus cycle?
Estrus
275
What should the rectal temperature of a week old puppy be?
94-99
276
What crystal is common in dalmatians?
ammonium biurate
277
What is the maintenance fluid rate in dogs?
60 ml/kg/day
278
What zoonotic disease can macaques have?
herpes b
279
Chronic administration of prednisone can cause?
cushings disease
280
What condition causes a puppy to have milk coming from nose and coughing or gurgling while he eats?
cleft palate
281
Describe intervertebral discs appearing on radiography?
appear wider towards the center of the film and narrower towards the end of the film
282
What technique would reduce the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the film?
use of a grid with a Potter Bucky diaphragm
283
What electrolyte anomaly causes ventroflexion of the neck and extreme weakness?
hypokalemia
284
What is a jamshidi needle for?
bone marrow core biopsy
285
Ivermectin is effective against what?
nematodes
286
Estrogen toxicity causes what?
bone marrow suppression
287
What appears hyperechoic (bright white) on an ultrasound?
Bone and gas
288
What is the primary reason porcine boars are castrated if they are destined for food production?
To avoid boar taint
289
What is the most sensitive and preferred test for detecting giardia?
elisa
290
What comes first developer or fixer?
Developer then fixer
291
Which deficiency in sheep would explain muscle spasms, drooling, and stiff gait?
Magnesium
292
Which organ is responsible for producing most of the digestive enzymes used to breakdown food?
Pancreas
293
Does ketamine cause low blood pressure?
No
294
Canine parvovirus causes what laboratory change?
Neutropenia
295
When discussing the equine hoof, which structure produces cells that become the hoof wall?
Coronary band
296
What are the common clinical signs of a horse with obstructive airway disease?
Heave line
Flared nostrils
cough
labored expiratory phase
297
What does glomerular filtration rate directly related to?
rate of blood flow to the kidneys
298
What would cause in turtles: weight loss, poor appetite, swollen eyelids, and respiratory problems?
Vitamin A deficiency
299
What is the scabies mite in cats?
Notoedres
300
What part of the brain coordinates motor activity?
Cerebellum
301
What species are lincosamides contraindicated in?
Horses
302
What test should you run on a horse that has petechia?
Template bleeding time
303
What position is colic surgery performed in?
Dorsal recumbency
304
What breed is most at risk for degenerative myelopathy?
German shepards
305
How should you position for a tibial fracture
Dorsal recumbency with affected leg temporarily hung
306
What mucous membranes do you assess in the horse?
Vulva, nasal mucosa, and conjunctiva
307
What is the proper order of intestinal segments?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon
308
What drug is used for treatment in Tritichomonas foetus in cats?
Ronidazole
309
What is the top of the shell in a tortoise called?
Carapace
310
