VTP Diagnostic Imaging

Question 1

How soon can pregnancy be identified by ultrasound in a horse?

Answer 1

11 days

Question 2

When placing craniocaudal radiographs of the stifle joint how should film be oriented?

Answer 2

1. Lateral side of right limb to the left
2. Lateral side of left limb to the right

Question 3

What is the earliest time a fetus can be seen on radiograph?

Answer 3

43 days

Question 4

Which disorder does an intravenous pyelogram detect?

Answer 4

Ureteral stones

Question 5

What condition is contraindicated for Upper GI radiographs using barium?

Answer 5

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 6

What conditions are contraindicated for using iodide contrast agents?

Answer 6

dehydration and renal insufficiency because it causes osmotic diuresis

Question 7

What causes yellow radiographs?

Answer 7

Problem with fixer solution

Question 8

How is mAs calculated?

Answer 8

mA and time in seconds

Question 9

Why is tungsten ideal material for an xray machine?

Answer 9

1. High melting point
2. High number of electrons
3. Does not conduct heat
4. High atomic number

Question 10

What is the difference between screen film and non-screen film?

Answer 10

Non-screen film is more sensitive to xrays

Question 11

How to increase radiographic density

Answer 11

1. Increase energy of xrays
2. Increase number of photons
3. Decrease distance from source to film

Question 12

What is the inverse square law?

Answer 12

Exposure at twice the distance will be reduce to 1/4. Therefore if object is twice as far away then MaS needs to be increased by 4

Question 13

How do you avoid distortion with xrays?

Answer 13

xray beam should be perpendicular to the bones

Question 14

What happens if bones are not perpendicular to the xray beam?

Answer 14

They are foreshortened

Question 15

What happens if bones are not perpendicular to the cassette?

Answer 15

They are elongated

Question 16

What are the properties of xrays compared to visible light?

Answer 16

Xrays have a higher frequency and shorter wavelengths

Question 17

What type of urinary stones are translucent and dont show up on radiographs?

Answer 17

urate and cystine

Question 18

What is rad

Answer 18

The basic unit of absorbed dose

Question 19

What is rem

Answer 19

Applies a quality factor to rad

Question 20

What is gray?

Answer 20

units of absorbed dose

Question 21

What is sievert?

Answer 21

Units of effective absorbed dose

Question 22

What is the metallic element on radiographs that turns black when exposed?

Answer 22

silver

Question 23

What do you do if the radiograph appears much too light throughout the area of the patient?

Answer 23

Increase Kvp

Question 24

When should abdominal radiographs be taken?

Answer 24

Full expiration

Question 25

What appears hyperechoic or bright white on an ultrasound?

Answer 25

Bone and Gas

Question 26

What would be enlarged on a chest radiograph of a dog with heartworm?

Answer 26

Pulmonary arteries

Question 27

What components affect xray beam quality?

Answer 27

kVp and filtration

Question 28

What material is MRI made of?

Answer 28

Aluminum

Question 29

When is a tabletop technique used for radiographs?

Answer 29

When an image is not too thick typically less than 10 cm such as an elbow

Question 30

When an abdominal radiograph shows a boxing glove shape of air what is it?

Answer 30

GDV

Question 31

If an xray machine has the ability to use 2 different sized filaments at the cathode what is the advantage of using a larger filament?

Answer 31

Higher exposures can be used

Question 32

What is the order and function of the fixer and developer?

Answer 32

1. Developer converts 2. Fixer dissolves

Question 33

What is the purpose of the potty bucker diaphragm?

Answer 33

Eliminate grid lines on the film

Question 34

What are the three things you can do to minimize radiographic exposure?

Answer 34

time distance and shielding

Question 35

What technical error increases film density?

Answer 35

Focal-film distance is too short

Question 36

What technical errors decrease film density?

Answer 36

1. mas too low 2. Intensifying screen speed too slow 3. Temperature too low 4. KV settings to low

Question 37

What is the function of an xray cassette?

Answer 37

To decrease the exposure necessary to create an image on a film

Question 38

Why is filtration used at the portal of the xray tube?

Answer 38

eliminate low energy radiation that does not contribute to the image

Question 39

Why should you collimate the beam?

Answer 39

Decrease radiation dose to patient and technician

Question 40

Why is a bisecting angle technique used in dental radiography?

Answer 40

It is frequently impossible to for the tooth and film to be parallel to each other so the bisecting angle prevents foreshortening and elongation

Question 41

What is a double contrast myelogram?

Answer 41

Soluble positive contrast media and air is injected directly into the bladder

Question 42

What is the correct order of least to most radiodense material? (darkest to whitest)

Answer 42

Gas Fat Soft Tissue and Fluid Bone Metal

Question 43

What is the purpose of a grid on an xray table?

Answer 43

To prevent scatter radiation from reaching the film

Question 44

What tissue is most sensitive to radiation?

Answer 44

Bone marrow

Question 45

What is the heel effect?

Answer 45

Xray beam intensity declines toward the anode side of the xray machine

Question 46

What position is best for diagnosing GDV?

Answer 46

Right lateral abdominal radiograph

Question 47

What procedure requires the use of contrast dye?

Answer 47

Myelogram

Question 48

What is a DMLPO?

Answer 48

Dorsal Medial Lateral Palmar Oblique

Question 49

What is DMLPO aka?

Answer 49

Medial Oblique

Question 50

What is the technique for a DMLPO?

Answer 50

The beam comes from a 45 degree between dorsal and medial sides of the limb AND film is placed 45 degrees between the lateral aspect and the palmar aspect

Question 51

Why are oblique radiographs used?

Answer 51

To decrease the superimposition of structures

Question 52

Where does most of the radiation come from to a technician?

Answer 52

Scatter from the patient area

Question 53

What is a pneumocystogram?

Answer 53

A radiograph of the bladder after having had air injected into it

Question 54

What happens in the xray machine when the pedal is half pressed?

Answer 54

The anode rotates and the filament is heated

Question 55

What happens in the xray machine when the pedal is fully pressed?

Answer 55

The charge in the xray tube accelerates the electrons which hit the target at the anode emitting xrays

Question 56

What shields the technician from the primary xray beam?

Answer 56

collimator

Question 57

How do you position a dog fro a suspected left sided cruciate ligament injury?

Answer 57

Patient in left lateral recumbency with the leg against the cassette

Question 58

What is a cystogram?

Answer 58

Radiographic study of the urinary bladder

Question 59

Why is a horizontal beam used?

Answer 59

Identify air or fluid in a body cavity

Question 60

Why is a skyline view used?

Answer 60

decrease superimposition of structures

Question 61

What is true regarding radiography of the vertebrae?

Answer 61

IVD space is wider toward the center of the film and narrower toward the end of the film

Question 62

Where should the field be centered in a lateral thoracic radiograph?

Answer 62

5th rib and caudal border of the scapula

Question 63

What is a skyline view?

Answer 63

Dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique radiograph

Question 64

What is the common factor that prevents a diagnostic radiograph

Answer 64

motion

Question 65

What is the order of components in an xray cassettE?

Answer 65

Cassette front Padding Intensifying Screen Film Intensifying Screen Padding Cassette Back

Question 66

What is a fistulogram?

Answer 66

A radiograph after a contrast agent is administered into a draining tract

Question 67

When should a thoracic radiograph be taken?

Answer 67

Full inspiration

Question 68

In a DLPMO radiograph where will the xray unit be and where will the cassette be?

Answer 68

Xray beam should be from the dorsal side of the limb and Film will be on the medial side of the limb

Question 69

What is the difference between high frequency probes and low frequency probes?

Answer 69

Higher frequency have increased image resolution but decreased penetrating ability

Question 70

What position should a patient in respiratory distress not be placed in?

Answer 70

Dorsal

Question 71

What causes linear artifacts on a film?

Answer 71

Normal gridlines or the beam not being centered

Question 72

What do processing machine errors cause?

Answer 72

Streaks

Question 73

What happens to film if it does not go through the developer?

Answer 73

It will be clear

Question 74

Where are electrons generated in the xray machine?

Answer 74

At the filament of the cathode

Question 75

What settings on the xray machine can affect exposure without affecting contrast?

Answer 75

tIME AND mAS

Question 76

What is the maximum permissible dose of radiation to a technician in 1 year?

Answer 76

50 mSv

Question 77

What should you do after performing a myelogram?

Answer 77

Elevate the head to reduce the risk of seizure

Question 78

What would cause a film to be yellow-brown?

Answer 78

Incomplete washing of the film

Question 79

What principle will always improve radiographic image quality?

Answer 79

Highest mA setting and lowest time setting