Mixed Block Notes 5 Flashcards by Ryan Lee

FA vs Glucose oxidation in ATP generation and O2 use

FA oxidation produces more ATP, but uses more O2 per ATP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Receptor mediating Mydriasis

Alpha 1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Receptor mediating uterine relaxation

Beta 2 (tocolysis = Terbutaline, Ritodrine)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mom and infant sequelae of rubella

Mom = Polyarthritis/Polyarthralgia; Infant = Sensorineural deafness, Cataracts, Cardiac malformations (PDA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intracellular pyrophophate granules in a bug

C diph (methylene blue staining)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conus Medullaris Syndrome

L2 lesion = Flaccid paralysis of bladder and rectum, impotence, saddle anesthesia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Radiating back pain, Saddle anesthesia, Loss of anocutaneous reflex, Bowel and bladder dysfunction, Loss of ankle-jerk reflex w/ plantar flexion weakness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Saddle anesthesia and Loss of anocutaneous reflex =

S2-S4 lesion (cauda equina syndrome)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Danazol MOA

Synthetic androgen for endometriosis and hereditary angioedema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mifepristone MOA

Synthetic steroid with anti-progestin and anti-glucocorticoid effects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mitotane MOA

Adrenocorticolytic used primarily for adrenocortical carcinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Maintenance Dose =

Cpss x CL / [Bioavailability fraction]

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Half life =

(Vd x 0.7) / CL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Loading Dose =

(Vd x Cpss) / [Bioavailability Fraction]

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Methoxamine MOA

Selective a1 agonist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a2 activation effects

Decr insulin, Decr lipolysis, Decr aqueous humor production, Incr Platelet Aggregation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

b1 activaiton effects

HR/Contractility, Incr Renin and Lipolysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

b2 activation effects

Vasodilation/Bronchodilation; Incr Lipolysis and Insulin; Decr uterine tone; Ciliary muscle relaxation and acqueous humor production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Recurrent kidney stones in young patient indicates

Inborn error of metabolism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sodium Cyanide-Nitroprusside test

Detects presence of (sulfhydryl groups) urine cystine (converts cystine to cysteine and nitroprusside binds to make purple)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Treatment of Cystinuria

Hydration and Alkalinization of urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Microscopic finding of irreversible cardiac ischemic injury

Vacuoles and Phospholipid-containing amorphous densities w/in mitochondria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glandular epithelial changes from Proliferative to Secretory stages in endometrium

Pseudostratified, elongated, mitotically active epithelial cells –> Acquire large cytoplasmic vacuoles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Features that differentiate LEMS from MG

Hypo/areflexia, Autonomic symptoms, Classic incremental response to repetitive stimuli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pyruvate Carboxylase activity is increased by

Acetyl-CoA

Citrate is a regulator of

Positive regulator of AcCoA Carboxylase, F-1,6-BP; Negative of PFK1 and 2 (inhibiting glycolysis)

Narcolepsy with Cataplexy is most often caused by

Lack of Hypocretin 1/2 (Orexin A/B) from Lateral Hypothalamus

Elevatd 14-3- protein in CSF

CJD

Low CSF 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid

Impulsive, destructive behaviors

How to differentiate syphillis from other spirochetes on darkfield

Motility

H ducreyi requires what in culture

Factor X (like H flu)

Fever and sore throat in pt with hyperthyroidism being treated

AGRANULOCYTOSIS

Arthralgias with PTU

50% develop ANCA, some develop arthralgias and glomerulonephritis

Abdominal pain, distension, fever, diarrhea, shock in Ulcerative Colitis

Possibility of Toxic Megacolon

Alveolar proteases (eg. elastase) are produced by

Macrophages and PMNs

Acute Hypotension, Tachycardia, Elevated CVP (JVD) with Pulsus paradoxus

Cardiac Tamponade

Reid Index

Chronic Bronchitis --> Ratio of Gland thickness to total thickness of wall between epithelium and cartilage

When not to use Probenicid for Hyperuricemia

Poor renal function, Risk for uric acid stones or uric acid nephropathy

MOA of Rasburicase

Urate Oxidase: Uric Acid --> Allantoin

CHOP therapy is for

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

Herpesvirus drug that doesn't require viral kinase

Cidofovir, Foscarnet

Peritrichious Flagella

Characteristic of highly motile organisms such as Proteus mirabilis

"serpentine" or "medusa head" chains on microscopy

B anthracis

How does tetanus toxin causes paralysis

Wound --> Motor Neuron Axons --> Spinal Cord --> Inhibits inhibitory motor neuron

Features of Edwards Syndrome

Rocker bottom, Micrognathia, Low set ears, Clenched hands, Prominent Occiput, ASD/VSD, Omphalocele, Horeshoe kidney

Features of Patau Syndrome

Microcephaly, Holoprosencephaly, Microphtalmia, Polydactyly, Cleft lip/palate, Rocker bottom feet, Cystic kidneys, VSD

Methods of Isoniazid resistance

(1) Decr expression of catalase-peroxidase enzyme necessary for activation; (2) Modification of protein binding site

Rheumatic aortic disease usually produces

Combined AS and Aortic Regurgitation

Acanthocytes indicate

Abetalipoproteinemia

Which genes play major role in Type 1 DM

HLA-DQ and DR

Pancreatic islet amyloid deposition is seen in

Type 2 DM (universal)

Dose effects of dopamine

Low = D1 + B1; High = D1 + B1 + A1

Sensory innervation of Deep Fibular Nerve

Between first and second toes

Trauma or sustained pressure (cast) to the neck of the fibular

Injury to the common peroneal nerve

Basophil granules contain

Heparin, Histamine, SRS-A

What activates ALA synthase

CYP inducers, Barbiturates, Anti-epileptics, EtOH, Smoking

What inhibits ALA synthase

Heme, Glucose

Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG is increased in

Hypoxia, Chronic Anemia

Babesiosis

Malaria-like illness w/ prediliction for asplenic patients

Toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent causes

flu-like illness

Brucellosis causes

Fever, malaise, LAD, HSM

Childreen 1-3 with gingivostomatitis characterized with intranuclear inclusions

HSV-1

MOA of Mesna

Binds Acrolein (toxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide)

Atypical Depression

Improvement in mood in response to something positive

MAOi's are used for

Atypical Depression, Anxiety, Refractory

Jejunal, Ileal, and Colonic Atresia are caused by

Vascular accidents in utero, NOT abnormal fetal development

Presentation of Follicular Lymphoma

Indolent course, Painless lymph node enlargement or abdominal discomfort from abdominal mass

Presentation of Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Aggressive --> Large LN or extranodal mass (oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue and GI tract commonly involved)

Presentation of Hairy Cell Leukemia

Splenomegaly, Pancytopenia in older men

DNA Polymerase I vs III

I has 5' to 3' exonuclease activity (removes RNA primer, performs repair of damage), 5' to 3' polymerase activity, and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity; III performs bulk of replication

Mixed Block Notes 5 Flashcards

(70 cards)