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Uworld > Mixed Block Notes 8 > Flashcards

Mixed Block Notes 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

46 XY with normal Leydig cells but total absence of Sertoli

A

Male external genitalia (DHT); Both Female and Male internal genitalia (need Sertoli to produce MIF)

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2
Q

Treatment of pinworm (Enterobius)

A

Albendazole

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3
Q

Diethylcarbamazine is used to treat

A

Loa Loa, Wuchereria bancrofti

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4
Q

Ivermectin is used to treat

A

Strongyloides, Onchocerciasis

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5
Q

Nifurtimox is used to treat

A

Trypanosomes, including Chagas

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6
Q

Praziquantel is used to treat

A

Schistosoma, Clonorchis, Tenia, Diphyllobothrium - Praise the SC TD

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7
Q

Don’t use colchicine in

A

Pregnancy, Renal dysfunction

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8
Q

Glucocorticoids inhibit what step of PG synthesis

A

LPA2

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9
Q

Preferred treatment of acute gouty arthritis in elderly or renal failure

A

Glucocorticoids

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10
Q

Specific inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase

A

Zileuton –> Inhibits LTB4, C4, D4, E4

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11
Q

Monteleukast MOA

A

LTD4 receptors

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12
Q

Stimulation of B1 receptors in heart causes what 3 effects:

A

(1) + Inotropy; (2) Weak + chronotropy; (3) Incr conduction velocity

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13
Q

FGF contributions

A

Angiogenesis, Embryonic development, Hematopoeisis, Wound repair

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14
Q

Incr LV diastolic pressure in paitent with suspect Mitral Stenosis

A

Aortic valve also dysfunctional

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15
Q

Mechanism of Ciguatoxin and Batrachotoxin

A

Binds Na channel, keeping it open –> persistent depolarization

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16
Q

Toxin that acts similarly to Tetrodotoxin

A

Saxitoxin

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17
Q

What increases solubility of cysteine

A

High pH - So risk of cystine stone with low pH

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18
Q

Cystine shares transporter with

A

Ornithine, Arginine, Lysine

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19
Q

OTC deficiency symptoms

A

Hyperammonemia, Mental retardation

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20
Q

Daptomycin is not effective in treating

A

Gram negatives; Pneumonia (surfactant)

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21
Q

Terbinafine MOA

A

Squalene Epoxidase

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22
Q

Effectiveness of Unfractionated Heparin vs LMWH

A

Unfractionated has equal activity against Factor Xa and Thrombin; LMWH has greater activity against Factor Xa than thrombin

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23
Q

How to separate Gamma hemolytic Strep’s

A

Enterococci is PYR+, Grows in bile and NaCl; Bovis is PYR-, grows in bile but not NaCl

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24
Q

How to separate Alpha hemolytic Strep

A

Viridans is Optochin resistant and Bile insoluble

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25
Effect of TNFa on Insulin receptor
Phosphorylates serine residues of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 --> Decr activity
26
Phosphorylation of serine residues of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1
TNFa, Catecholamins, Glucocorticoids, Glucagon --> Insulin resistance
27
Papillary Thyroid cancer histology
Large cells w/ overlapping nuclei, Finely dispersed chromatin, Ground glass appearance = Orphan Annie
28
Benign follicular thyroid adenoma vs carcinoma
Invasion of vessels or capsule
29
Corneal reflex pathway
Nasociliary V1 --> Temporal branch of VII
30
Contents of Superior Orbital Fissue
CN III, V1 branches, CNIV, CNVI, Superior Ophthalmic veins
31
Bleeding in CKD patient
Uremic toxins --> Impair platelet aggregation
32
HIV Bloody diarrhea - Hemorrhagic polypoidal lesions, Spindle cells with surrounding blood vessel proliferation
Kaposi sarcoma
33
Chronic rejection of lung transplant
Small airways --> Bronchiolitis obliterans
34
Most common cause of elevated AFP
Dating error - Confirm with fetal US
35
Decreased Estriol on Triple Test
Placental insufficiency
36
Retrolental fibroplasia
Retinopathy of prematurity - Neovascularization from hypoxia and oxygen therapy
37
Serum added to mixture of cardiolipin, lecithin, cholesterol
Rapid Plasma Reagin test
38
7a hydroxylase
Cholesterol --> Bile Salts
39
Tholase
Condenses two equivalents of Acetyl-CoA to form Acetoacetyl-CoA --> Substrate for HMG CoA Reductase
40
Extremely high hCG may cause
Hyperemesis gravidarum, Pre-eclampsia, Hyperthyroidism, Theca-lutein cysts
41
Drugs that increase Lithium levels
Thiazides (not loops), ACEi's, NSAIDs
42
Lithium reabsorption in kidney is linked to
Na reabsorption
43
Major AA responsible for transferring nitrogen to liver for disposal
Alanine
44
Hepatic tumor that can regress after OCT discontinuation
Hepatic Adenoma
45
Most common benign liver tumor
Cavernous Hemangioma
46
Mechanism of Edema and Lethal factors (anthrax)
Edema = cAMP; Lethal = Protease that inhibits MAPK
47
Bordatella pertussis toxins
Pertussis = Gi ribosylation --> cAMP; AC toxin = AC --> cAMP
48
Location and symptoms of Germinomas
Pineal --> (1) Precocious puberty, (2) Obstructive hydrocephalus, (3) Parinaud
49
Functions of Thyroid Peroxidase
(1) Oxidation of iodide to iodine; (2) Iodination of thyroglobulin tyrosine residues; (3) Iodotyrosine coupling to form T3 and T4
50
Anti-TPO
Hashimoto's
51
Chronic lymphedema is a risk for developin what skin tumor
Angiosarcoma
52
Spongiosa filling medullary canal with no mature trabeculae
Osteopetrosis
53
Squatting vs Passive leg raise
Squatting increases both Preload and Afterload, while Passive leg raise just Preload
54
How to decrease MVP murmur
Decr LV volume, bringing valve leaflets into a more normal anatomic arrangement
55
In severe MVP, the murmur becomes more
Holosystolic
56
Histology of MVP
Attenuation of fibrosa (collagen) layer; Thickening of spongiosa layer thru deposition of mucoid (myxomatous) material; Thinning of collagenous core of chordae tendineae
57
Chromium deficiency
Glucose intolerance (GLUT cofactor), Peripheral neuropathy
58
Selenium deficiency
Muscle pain and weakness, Dilated CM
59
Copper deficiency
Microcytic anemia (ferrochetolase), Aortic dissection (elastic tissue), Poor wound healing (lysyl oxidase)
60
Only bile acid that is not reabsorbed in the terminal ileum
Lithocholic acid
61
Magnesium def
Hypocalcemia with Tetany, Tachycardia
62
Magnesium excess
Neuromuscular depression, Bradycardia
63
Congenital defect in Cytochrome b5 reductase
This reduces ferrous hb to ferric in methemoglobinemia
64
Free radicals from drugs and alcohol-related fatty change affect which zone of liver
III
65
Ubiquinated cytokeratin intermediate filament in hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease
Mallory bodies
66
Nephrocalcinosis
Metastatic calcification of renal tubules --> Diabetes insipidus
67
Chemo regimen for Hodgkin
Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine
68
AE of Dacarbazine
Azospermia

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