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MLT Clinical Practicums > MLT 259 Micro Study Guide > Flashcards

MLT 259 Micro Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Collection and transporting of specimens (i.e. urines)

A

write name, date, initials
midstream clean catch
transport in sterile cup, asap

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2
Q

What test differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from non-pathogenic staphylococcus?

A

coagulase

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3
Q

Principle of the catalase test.

A

to differentitate staph spp from strep spp.

place 1mL of 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide on slide and add the organism; bubbles is positive

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4
Q

What test is used to distinguish the coliform bacteria from the enteric pathogens?

A

TSI- triple sugar iron agar
pathogens are generally non-lactose fermenters
6.5% NaCl

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5
Q

Collection and transport of anaerobic specimens. What type of collection system is not suitable for anaerobic cultures?

A

routine swabs

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6
Q

How could you differentiate Listeris monocytogenes from Corynebacterium sp. (diphtheroids)?

A

Motility
L. mono + umbrella
C. diph =

CAMP
L. mom +
C. diph =

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7
Q

How could you differentiate alpha strep from step pneumonia?

A

Step. peumo is “p” disk + optochin

other strep spp are negative

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8
Q

What agar is used for Kirby-Bauer sensitivity testing?

A

Mueller-Hinton

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9
Q

Which enteric pathogen would be least likely to survive if the stool if left at room temp for an extended period of if the stool is refrigerated?

A

Shigella

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10
Q

Organisms that cause foo poisoning, or infection.

A 
Campylobacter
E. coli
Shigella
Salmonella
S. aureus
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11
Q

What organism is gram =, motile, oxidase + rod with a grape-like odor?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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12
Q

Which genus contains chromogenic, gram = motile rods which have ben implicated in septicemia, pulmonary and urinary tract infections?

A

Serratia

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13
Q

What is the most common organism in the human intestines?

A

Bacteroides sp.

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14
Q

Which genus and species is best cultured in an alkaline peptone medium and causes a severe type of diarrhea producing rice water stools?

A

Vibrio cholera

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15
Q

To which Lancefield group do most of the human pathogens which are beta hemolytic streptococci belong?

A

Group A

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16
Q

How do you differentiate genus Enterobacter from the genus Klebsiella?

A

Motility
Kleb =
Entero +

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17
Q

Interpret TSI reactions

A

k/k, alka/alka, non-fermentor
k/a alka/acid, glucose fermentor only
a/a acid/acid, lactose & or sucrose fermenters
bubbles H2S gas production

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18
Q

How do gram positive and gram negative bacteria differ?

A

GP has thick layer of peptidoglycans in their cell walls yet lack outer membrane, stain purple

GN has thin layer of peptidoglycans and an outer membrane around cell wall, stain pink

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19
Q

The “satellite phenomenon” indicated that staphylococci produce which factor?

A

V factor

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20
Q

What is beta-lactamase?

A

enzyme produced by bacteria to resist/inhibit antibiotics (pencillins)

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21
Q

What sugar is fermented by all Enterbacteriaceae?

A

glucose

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22
Q

Meningitis due to Hemophilus influenza is most common in which age group?

A

infants and young children

3months - 6 years

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23
Q

Which genera of Enterobacteriaceae are non-motile?

A

Kelbsiella

Shigella

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24
Q

Which genera of Enterobacteriaceae are resistant to many antibiotics and are frequently found in nonsocomial infections?

A

Serratia

Proteus

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25
Q

Which organism is most frequently isolated from a cat or dog bite?

A

Pasteuralla multocida

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26
Q

From what type of specimen are members of the genus Lactobacillus isolated?

A

GI tract
vagina
urine

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27
Q

What steps must be take to identify Campylobacter in the laboratory?

A

use campy plate
incubate 42 in CO2
oxidase +
gs shows bent rods “seagulls”

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28
Q

Why are antibiotics added to mayer-martin media?

A

To inhibit growth of normal commensal organisms
vancomycin-inhibits GP
nystatin-inhibits fungi
colistin-inhibits GN

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29
Q

What are facultative organisms?

A

microorganisms that grow aerobically or anareobically

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30
Q

In the performance of a gram stain, what effect would omitting the iodine step have on the final color of gram + and gram = organisms?

A

Crystal violet would not adhere to the cells and would stain pink

31
Q

Which organisms can be normal in the upper respiratory tract?

A

.

32
Q

Which sterilization method utilizing heat is the most effective and useful for the clinical lab?

A

steam autoclave

33
Q

Which organism could young Staphylococcus growing on SBA be confused with?

A

Group A strep

34
Q

Appearance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a uretheral smear.

A

intracellular GN coffee bean shaped diplococci

35
Q

If organisms are seen on a direct gram stained smear but are not recovered on routine culture, what type of organism is implicated?

A

anaerobes

36
Q

Which body fluid is often cultured in an effort to trace Salmonella typhi carriers?

A

bile

37
Q

What is the appearance of an encapsulated organism on blood agar and what effect does the capsule have on the organism’s virulence?

A

mucoid

increased virulence

38
Q

**Principle of the decarboxylase test.

A

p/p +

p/y =

39
Q

Define MIC.

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration. lowest concentration on antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial growth

40
Q

Incubation conditions for anaerobic cultures.

A

no oxygen (bio-bag) placed in gas pak providing CO2 at 36 degreesC on anaerobic media

41
Q

What terms are used to describe the morphology of the members of the genus Corynebacterium?

A

Chinese letters
picket fence
palisade
diphteroids

42
Q

Characteristics of bacterial spores.

A

hard, thick walled capsule
dormant
non-reproductive

43
Q

Interpret reactions of XLD.

A

highly selective, differential media
Salmonella- red colonies with black centers, H2S production
Shigella- red colonies
yellow + lactose

44
Q

Biochemical characteristics of E. coli

A

lactose fermenters
indole +
methyl red +
urea, H2S =

45
Q

Appearance and pathogenicity of Klebsiella pneumonia.

A

large, pink, mucoid, stringy colonies on MAC

46
Q

What screening test is used in the laboratory to differentiate E. coli 0157:H from normal strains of E. coli?

A

latex agglutination typing

MAC w/ sorbitol

47
Q

What test can be used to differentiate the two species of Proteus?

A

Indole
P. vulgaris +
P. mirabilis =

48
Q

Which species might be considered as contaminants if they were isolated from a blood culture?

A

S. epidermidis
Diphtherioids
Bacillus sp

49
Q

If two organisms are to be used as quality control organisms for a particular test or procedure, should their reactions be the same or different?

A

Different; one should demonstrate + rxns, and the other = rxns

50
Q

What are the designations for the cell wall, flagellar and capsular antigens in bacteria? Which antigen can mask the cell wall antigen in serological typing?

A

O-cell wall
H-flagella
V or Ki-capsule; mask cell wall

51
Q

The safety hood should be used for which procedures in the microbiology laboratory?

A

respiratory, fungal, AFB, stool cultures

52
Q

What characteristics of a specimen might cause you to suspect an anaerobe and on what type of laboratory media should such a culture be inoculated?

A

noticeable strong odor, from deep wound or abscess

SBA, MAC, CHOC, PEA, ANABLD, ANA/KV, ANA/PEA, THIO

53
Q

What is the gram stain morphology of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium?

A

Bacteroides; GNR with rounded ends, pleomorphic

Fusobacterium; GNR with pointed ends

54
Q

What types of specimens are suitable for anaerobic cultures? Which are unsuitable?

A

deep wounds, abscess, tissue, blood, trans-tracheal aspirate, sterile body fluid, supra pubic urine

NOT OK- anything in contact with O2, urine, stool, sputum

55
Q

What is the gram stain morphology of Neisseria meningitides and what sugars are utilized by this organism?

A

GNDC coffee bean shaped

glucose and maltose

56
Q

What stains are used for staining members of the genus Mycobacterium?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen

57
Q

Why is N-acetyl-L-cysteine the most common agent used for sputum concentration for AFB cultures?

A

it breaks up the specimen and enhances the recovery of Mycobacterium; destroys NF; good recovery

58
Q

What is the colonial morphology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Lowenstein-Jensen medium?

A

rough, tough appearance, buff color, fuzzy, heaped up

59
Q

What can be used as a clearing agent to remove protein material from a mycology specimen?

A

KOH

60
Q

What is the procedure of choice for the demonstration of Cryptococcus in CSF?

A

India Ink

61
Q

What is the best single medium for the primary isolation of fungi?

A

Sabouraud’s/SDA

62
Q

What are the growth characteristics and other identifying characteristics of Candida albicans?

A

germ tube +
budding yeast
pseudohyphae
creamy white colonies

63
Q

What is the morphology of members of the genus Aspergillia, the genus Penicillium and the genus Rhizopus?

A

dandelion
skeletal hand
non-septate

64
Q

What stage in the development of a parasite is best demonstrated by a permanent stained smear?

A

troph

65
Q

Which method of concentrating stool specimens is best for which parasites?

A

Flotation; nematode, cestode eggs, coccidian oocysts

sedimentation; trematode eggs, operculated-they sink in flotation

66
Q

What is the appearance of the cyst of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

mature has 4 nuclei, immature has fewer
central karyosome, even staining
peripheral chromatin, cigar shaped

67
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of the troph Giardia lamblia?

A

medium size, pear-shaped
2 nuclei
axonomes down middle of body
4 pairs of flagella

68
Q

How can you differentiate the various species of Plasmodium?

A

P. falciparum; schizont 8-36 merozoites “applique”

P. malariae; troph has band, schizont 6-12 merozoites

69
Q

Biochemical reactions of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

A

catalase +

coagulase =

70
Q

Which genera are oxidase positive?

A

Pseudomonas
Neisseria
Campylobacter

71
Q

Rapid Methods for identification on Enterobacteriaceae.

A

API
Enterotube
Micro-ID - 4 hours
Minitek

72
Q

Which growth factors are required by the various Hemophilius species?

A

X, V

73
Q

Which fungi are dimorphic?

A 
Blastomyces dermatidis
Coccidiodes imitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Paracoccidiodes braziliensis
Sporothrix shenckii

MLT Clinical Practicums (12 decks)

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