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Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Bell’s Palsy

“ALexander Bell with STD”

A 
AIDs
Lyme Disease
Sarcoid
Tumor
Diabetes
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2
Q

Horner’s Syndrome Sx

“PAM is horny”

A

Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
*Pancoast tumor

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3
Q

Modifiable Stroke RF

“live the way a COACH SHoulDD”

A 
CAD
Obesity
AFib
Carotid stenosis
Hypercholesterolemia
Smoking
HTN
Diabetes
Drug use (cocaine, IV drugs)
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4
Q

Non-modifiable Stroke RF

“FAME”

A

Family hx of stroke or MI
Age >60
Male
Ethnicity (AA, Hispanic, Asian)

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5
Q

4 Deadly D’s of Posterior Circulation Strokes

A

Diplopia
Dizziness
Dysphagia
Dysarthria

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6
Q

MCA stroke can cause CHANGes

A 
Contralateral paresis & sensory loss in face & arm
Homonymous hemiopsia
Aphasia (dominant)
Neglect (dominant)
Gaze preference toward side of lesion
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7
Q

Contraindications to tPA therapy

“SAMPLE STAGES”

A 
Stroke or head trauma w/in 3mo
Antigcoagulation w/ INR >1.7 or prolonged PTT
MI (recent)
Prior intracranial hemorrhage
Low platelet count
Elevated BP (>185/>110)
Surgery in past 14 days
TIA
Age 400 or <50 glucose
Seizures present at onset of stroke
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8
Q

Conditions associated with berry aneurysms that can MAKE an SAH more likely

A 
Marfan's synd
Aortic coarctation
Kidney dz (ADPKD)
Ehlers-Danlos synd
Sickle Cell anemia
Athersclerosis
History (familial)
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9
Q

BPPV

A

Benign- otolith
Paroxysmal- sudden, temporary epidsodes <1 min
Positional- triggered by turning in a bed or reaching overhead
Vertigo- dizziness

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10
Q

Charcot’s Triad for MS

A

Scanning speech
Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia
Nystagmus

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11
Q

5 A’s of GBS

A 
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy 
Ascending paralysis
Autonomic neuropathy
Arrhythmia
Albuminocytologic dissociation
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12
Q

3 W’s of NPH

A

Wet (incontinence)
Wobbly (apraxia)
Wacky (Dementia)

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13
Q

There are 4 PaRTS to Parkinson’s

A

Postural instability (stooped)
Rigidity (cogwheel)
Tremor (pill rolling)
Slowed movements (Bradykinesia/festinating gait)

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14
Q

Mets to Brain

“Lung and Skin Go to the BRain”

A 
Lung
Skin
GI
Breast
Renal
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15
Q

Adult Brain Tumors

“MGM Studios”

A

Metastasis
Glioblastoma multiform
Meningioma
Schwannoma

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16
Q

Pediatric Brain Tumors

“Animal kingdom, Magic Kingdom, Epicot”

A

Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Eppendymoma

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17
Q

Dx criteria for NF Type 1

“COFFINS”

A 
Cafe-au-lait spots
Optic glioma
Freckling
Familial history
Iris hamartomas
Neurofibromas
Skeletal lesions
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18
Q

Thyroid neoplasms: the most Popular is Pappilary

A 
Papillae (branching)
Palpable LN
Pupil nuclei (Orphan Annie nuclei)
Psammoma bodies
Positive Prognosis
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19
Q

Pheochromocytoma rule of 10’s

A 
10% extra-adrenal
10% bilateral
10% malignant
10% occur in children
10% familial
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20
Q

6 P’s of Pheochromocytoma

A 
Paroxysmal HTN
Pounding HA
Profuse perspiration 
Palpitations
Pallor 
Panic
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21
Q

Triad of Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Synd)

A

Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis
HTN

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22
Q

Causes of Eosinophlia

“DNAAACP”

A 
Drugs
Neoplasm
Allergic (Allergies, Asthma, Churg Strauss)
Addisons dz
AIN
Collagen vascular dz
Parasitic infection
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23
Q

3 P’s of MEN 1

A

Pituitary
Parathyroid adenoma
Pancreas

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24
Q

1 M & 2 P’s of MEN 2a

A

Medullary thyroid cancer
Peochromocytoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia

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25
2M's & 1 P of MEN 2b
Medularry thyroid cancer Mucosal neuromas Peochromocytoma
26
4 A's of Dementia
Amnesia Aphasia Apraxia Agnosia
27
SIG E CAPS
``` Sleep Interest Guilt Energy decreased Concentration Appetite Psychomotor agitation/retardation Suicidal ideation ```
28
TCA toxicity | "Tri-C's"
Convulsions Coma Cardiac arrhymthmias
29
Symptoms of Mania | "DIG FAST"
``` Distractablity Insomnia Grandiosity Flight of ideas Sexual activity increased Talkativeness/pressured speech ```
30
Evolution of EPS | "4 and A"
4 hours: Acute dystonia 4 Days: Akinesia 4 Weeks: Akathisia 4 Months: Tardive dyskinesia
31
Suicide Risks | "SAD PERSONS"
``` Sex (male) Age (older) Depression Previous attempt Ethanol/substance abuse Rational thought Sickness Organized plan/access to weapons No spouse Social support lacking ```
32
Glasgow Coma Scale | "4 eyes, Jackson 5, V6 engine"
Eyes: None, to pain, to command, spontaneous Verbal: None, incomprehensible, inappropriate words, confused speech, oriented Motor: none, extension, flexion, w/d to pain, localizes to pain, follows commands
33
What GSC score do you intubate?
GSC <8= Intubate!
34
Causes of PEA | "5 H's & 5 T's"
``` Hypovolemia Hypoxia H+ ions (acidosis) Hyper/hypo K+ Hypothermia Tablets Tamponade: Cardiac Tension pneumothorax Thrombosis: Coronary Thrombosis: Pulmonary embolism ```
35
Rule of 9's for % BSA
Head and each arm= 9% Back and chest each= 18% each leg= 18% Perineum= 1%
36
7 W's of Postop fever
``` Wind: Atelectastis, pneumonia Water: UTI Wounds: infections, abscess Walking: DVT Wonder drugs: reaction Womb: endometritis Wein: Thrombophlebitits ```
37
Afib management | "ABCD"
Anticoagulate BBlocker Cardiovert/CCB Digoxin
38
Causes of acute Afib | "PIRATES"
``` Pulmonary dz Ischemia Rheumatic heart dz Anemia/Atrial myxoma Thyrotoxicosis Ethanol Sepsis ```
39
Acute CHF management | "LMNOP"
``` Lasix Morphine Nitrates Oxygen Position (upright & legs hanging over bed) ```
40
SE of Thiazide diuretics | "hyperGLUC"
hyperGlycemia hyperLipidemia hyperUricemia hyperCalcemia Hypokalemic meta alkalosis & hyponatremia
41
Treatment for STEMI | "MONA"
Morphine Oxygen Nitrates ASA
42
Indications for CABG are UnLimiTeD
Unable to perform PCI (diffuse dz) Left main coronary artery dz Triple-vessel dz Depressed ventricular function
43
Causes of secondary HTN | "CHAPS"
``` Cushing synd Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's synd) Aortic coarctation Peochromocytoma Stenosis of renal artery ```
44
Beck's Triad of Cardiac Tamponade
Muffled heart sounds JVD HOTN
45
Virchow's Triad
Endothelial damage Hypercoagable states Venous stasis
46
6 P's of acute ischemia
``` Pain Pallor Paralysis Pulseless Parathesias Poikilothermia ```
47
Chest pain ddx | "CHEST PAIN"
``` Cocaine/costochondritis Hyperventilation/herpes zoster Esophagitis/esophageal spasm Stenosis of aorta Trauma PE/Peumonia/Pericarditis/Pancreatitis Angina/Aortic dissection/Aortic aneurysm Infarction Neuropschiartric dz ```
48
Chagas = Mega Dz
Cardiomegaly Megaesophagus Megacolon
49
Major criteria for Rheumatic heart dz | "JONES"
``` Joints (polyarthritis, hot/swollen) Heart (pancarditis, valve damage) Nodules (subcutaneous, extensor surfaces) Erythema marginatum (painless rash) Sydenham chorea ```
50
Minor criteria for Rheumatic heart dz | "PEACE"
``` Previous rheumatic fever EKG with PR prolongation Arthralgias CRP & ESR elevated Elevated temp ```
51
Neg-culture endocarditis result from HACEK bacteria
``` Haemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella ```
52
Signs of bacterial endocarditis | "FROM JANE"
``` Fever Roth spots Oslers nodes Murmur Janeway lesions Anemia Nail bed hemorrhages (splinter) Emboli ```
53
"Hypertensive Mothers Love Nifedipine"
Hydralazine Methyldopa Labetalol Nifedipine
54
Cyanotic heart Dz 5T's
``` Truncus arteriosus Transposition of great vessels Tricuspid atresia Tetralogy of Fallot Total anomalous pulmonary venous return ```
55
Tetralogy of Fallot characteristics | "PROVe"
Pulmonary stenosis RVH Overriding aorta VSD
56
Obstructive pulmonary disease | "ABCT"
Asthma Brochiectasis Cystic fibrosis/COPD Tracheal or bronchial obstruction
57
Meds for asthma exacerbations | "ASTHMA"
``` Albuterol Steroids Theophylline (rare) Humidified O2 Magneisum (severe) Anticholingerics ```
58
Treatment for COPD | "COPD"
Corticosteroids Oxygen Prevention (smoking cessation, pneumococcal & flu vaccine) Dilators (B2-agonists, anticholinergics)
59
Features of sarcoid can be "GRUELING"
``` Granulomas (noncaseating) aRthritis Uveitis Erythema nodosum Lymphadenopathy Interstitial fibrosis Negative TB test Gammaglobulienmia ```
60
"ARDS"
Acute onset | Ratio (Pao2/Fio2) 18mmHg
61
Anterior mediastinal mass ddx | "4 T's"
Thymoma Teratoma Thyroid neoplasm Terrible lymphoma
62
Multidrug treatment for TB | "RIPE"
Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
63
Common Causes of Pneumothorax | "A CHEST IN"
``` Asthma Cystic fibrosis HIV Emphysema Spontaneous Trauma Iatrogenic Neoplasm ```
64
4 S's of croup
Seal-bark cough Subglottic swelling Stridor Steeple sign
65
Plummer-Vinson synd
Esophageal webs Glossitis Iron def anemia
66
4 D's of Pellegra (Niacin def)
Diarrhea Dermatitis Dementia Death
67
Charcot's triad for Acute cholangitis
RUQ pain Jaundice Fever/chills
68
Reynolds' pentad for Acute cholangitis
``` RUQ pain Jaundice Fever/chills Shock AMS ```
69
HLA-B2 Seronegative Arthropathies | "PAIR"
Psoariatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis IBD Reiter synd (Reactive arthritis)
70
RLQ ABD pain | "APPENDICITIS"
``` Appendicitis PID Pancreatitis Endometriosis or ectopic pregnancy Neoplasm Diverticulitis Intusseception Crohn's dz IBS Torsion IBD Stones ```
71
Causes of Acute Pancreatitis | "BAD HITS"
``` Biliary obstruction Alcohol Drugs Hypercalcemia/Hypertrigyleridemia Idipathic Trauma Scorpion stings ```
72
Ranson Critera for increased mortality from acute pancreatitis on admission "GA LAW"
``` Glcuose >200 AST >250 LDH>350 Age >55 WBC >16,000 ```
73
Ranson Critera for increased mortality from acute pancreatitis 48hr after admission "Calvin & HOBBeS"
Calcium 10% Pao2 5 Base deficit >4 Fluid sequestration >6L
74
Causes of increased Erythropietin | "Potentially Really High Hct"
Pheochromocytoma Renal Cell Carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Hemangioblastoma
75
Meckel diverticulum rule of 2's
``` 2x MC in males 2ft from ileocecal valve 2 inches long 2 types of ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic) 2% of pop <2 years of age ```
76
Hypernatremia causes | 6 D's
``` Diuresis Dehydration Diabetes insipidus Docs Diarrhea Disease (sickle cell, kidney) ```
77
Treatment of hyperkalemia | "C BIG K"
``` Calcium gluconate/chloride Bicarbonate Insulin Glucose Kayexalate ``` *BBlockers, Loops & dialysis help
78
Causes of hypercalcemia | "CHIMPANZEES"
``` Calcium supplmentation Hyperparathyroidism/Hyperthyroidism Iatrogenic (thiazides, TPN)/Immobility (esp ICU) Milk-alkali synd Paget's dz Adrenal inusfficeny/Acromegaly Neoplasm Zollinger-Ellison synd (MEN 1) Excess vit A Excess vit C Sarcoidosis & other granulomatous dz ```
79
Anion-gap causes of RTA | "MUDPILES"
``` Methanol: Fomepizole Uremia: dialysis Paraldehyde, Phenformin Iron, INH: GI lavage, charcoal (INH) Lactic acidosis Ethelyne glycol : Fomepizole Salicylates: alkalinize urine ```
80
Indications for urgent dialysis | "AEIOU"
Acidosis Electrolyte abn (hyperkalemia) Ingestions (salicylates, theophylline, methanol, barbituates, lithium, ethylene glycol) Overload (fluid) Uremic sx (pericardits, encephalopathy, bleeding, nausea, pruritis, myoclonus)
81
Nephritic synd findings | "PHAROH"
``` Proteinuria <1.5g/day Hematuria (tea or cola-colored) Azotemia RBC casts Oliguira HTN ```
82
Ddx for Hematuria | "I PEE RBCS"
``` Infection (UTI) Polycystic kidney dz Exercise External trauma Renal glomerular dz Benign prostatic hyperplasia Cancer Stones ```
83
"Eradicate Ball Cancer"
Etopiside Bleomycin Cisplatin
84
Causes of DIC | "STOP Making Thrombi"
``` Sepsis Trauma OB complications Pancreatitis Malignancy Transfustions ```
85
Symptoms of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Pupura (TTP) | "Nasty Fever Torched His Kidneys"
``` Neuro deficits (delirium, seizure, stroke) Fever Thrombocytopenia Hemolytic anemia Kidney failure ```
86
DDx of Thrombocytopenia | "HIT SHOC"
``` HIT or HUS ITP TTP or treatment Splenomegaly Hereditary (Wiskott-Aldrich synd) Other (malignacy, HIV, HCV, SLE) Chemotherapy ```
87
Causes of Microcytic anemia | "TICS"
Thalassemia Iron def Chronic dz Sideroblastic anemia
88
Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma | "CRAB"
Calcium high Renal impairment Anemia Bones (pain, lytic lesions, fractures)
89
Felty's Syndrome Triad
RA Neutropenia Splenomegaly
90
CREST Syndrome
``` Calcinosis Raynaud's phenomenon Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasias ```
91
Criteria for SLE | "DOPAMINE RASH"
``` Discoid rash Oral ulcers Photosensitivity Arthritis Malar rash Immunologic criteria Neuro sx (lupus cerebrits, seizures) Elevated ESR Renal dz ANA+, Anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm Ab Serositis (pleural or pericardial effusion) Hematologic ABN ```
92
Anti-histone Ab's in Drug induced lupus | "SHIPP"
Sulfonamides Hydralazine Phenytoin Procainamide
93
Lichen Planus P Disease
``` Planar Purple Pruritic Persistent Polygonal Penile Perioral Puzzling Koebner's Phenomenon ```
94
Causes of Erythema Nodosum | "SPUD BITS"
``` Strep infection Pregnancy Unknown Drugs Behchets dz IBD TB Sarcoidosis ```
95
TORCHeS pathogens
``` Toxoplasmosis Other (Parvovirus, varicella, Listeria, TB, malaria, fungi) Rubella CMV HSV HIV Syphillis ```
96
Hutchinson's triad for congenital syphillis
Peg-shaped central incisors Deafness Interstitial keratitis
97
Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitor | "VEAL CHOP"
Variable Compression of cord/oligohydraminos Early Head compression Accelerations Okay (normal O2) Late Placental insufficiency
98
When performing a BPP, remember to | "Test the Baby, MAN"
``` Fetal Tone Fetal Breathing Fetal Movements Amniotic fluid volume Nonstress test ```
99
Triad of preclampsia | "It's not just HyPE"
HTN Proteinuria Edema
100
HELLP synd
Hemolysis Elevated LFT's Low Platelets
101
Characterization of genital ulcers | "Some Girls Love Licorice but Fellows Hate Candy"
``` Syphillis Granuloma inginale Lymphogranuloma venereum painLess PainFul: Herpes simplex Chancroid ```
102
DiGeorge Synd | "CATCH 22'
``` Cardiac ABN (transposition) ABN facies Thymic aplasia Cleft palate Hypocalceia 22q11 deletion ```
103
Triad of Intussusception
ABD pain Vomiting Blood mucus in stool (currant jelly stool)
104
Wiskott-Aldrich synd | "WIPE"
Wiskott-Aldrich Infections w/ encapsulated org Pupura (thrombocytopenic) Eczema
105
Job's synd | "FATED"
``` coarse Facies Abscesses (S aureus) tetained primary Teeth hyper-IgE (eosinophilia) Dermatoligic (severe eczema) ```
106
Kawasaki dz sx | "CRASH and BURN"
``` Conjuctivitis Rash Adenopathy (unilateral) Strawberry tongue Hands and feet (red, swollen, flaky skin) BURN (fever >40C [104F] for >5 days) ```
107
Measles (Robeola Pararmyxovirus) | "3 C's"
Cough Coryza Conjuctivitis *Koplik spots
108
APGAR
Appearance (blue/pale, pink trunk, all pink) Pulse (0, 100) Grimace with stim (0, grimace, grimace & cough) Activity (limp, some, active) Respiratory effort (0, irregular, regular)
109
VACTERL Anomalies
``` Vertebral Anal Cardiac Tracheal Esophageal Renal Limb ```
110
Beckwith-Wiedemann synd
``` Hemihypertrophy Macroglossia Viseromegaly Wilm's tumor Chr11p15 ```
111
WAGR synd
Wilm's tumor Aniridia Genitourinary ABN mental Retardation
112
Parder-Willi vs Angelmann synd | "POP and MAMA"
Prader-Willi Overeating Paternal allele Maternal allele Angelmann Mood (happy) Animated puppet-like movements
113
Lemierre's synd
Thrombophlenitis of the jugular vein d/t Fusobacterium, an oral anerobe
114
Lady Windermere synd
Primary pulmonary form of Mycobacterium avium complex in apparently healthy nonsmokers
115
"VDRL" false +
Viruses (EBv, HSV, HIV, hepatitis) Drugs/IV drug use Rheumatic fever/Rheumatoid arthritis Leprosy/SLE
116
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Treatment of syphillis can result in an acute flu-like illness

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