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Nutri Sci > Mod 1 > Flashcards

Mod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Interventional/experimental studies purpose

A

Purpose = test hypothesis

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2
Q

Interventional/experimental studies

A

Manipulate ≥ 1 factor and measure outcomes

Independent and dependent variables

Can determine causal relationships

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3
Q

Interventional/experimental studies limitation

A

Hard for nutrition because you can’t control all the variables

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4
Q

Epidemiological/observational studies purpose

A

Purpose = generate hypothesis

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5
Q

Epidemiological/observational studies

A

Test correlation between exposure and outcome

Can make associations and look at complex relationships

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6
Q

Epidemiological/observational studies limitation

A

Can’t prove a causal relationship

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7
Q

Cross-sectional

A

Measure exposures and outcomes simultaneously

Remember: NHANES study

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8
Q

Retrospective

A

Observe the outcome first and look back to determine the exposure

Compare an individual with a condition to an individual without

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9
Q

Prospective

A

Look at the exposure first and determine the outcome

Follow a group of people with similar characteristics over a long period of time

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10
Q

Necessary

A

If the cause is not there → the outcome won’t occur

Prerequisite

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11
Q

Test for Necessary

A

Prove by removing the factor

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12
Q

Sufficient

A

If the cause is there → the outcome will occur

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13
Q

Test for Sufficient

A

Prove by adding the factor in

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14
Q

Contributory

A

The cause is necessary and/or sufficient only under certain conditions

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15
Q

Issues with assessment of exposures

A

Lack of reliable measurements

Potential confounding factors and biases

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16
Q

24 Hr Recall

A

Food and drink recorded over 24 hours

Many not represent usual intake
Recall bias

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16
Q

Issues with assessment of health outcomes

A

Indexes and biomarkers of disease are used instead of the specific disease

Nutritional assessments are usually not specific to nutrition

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17
Q

Food frequency questionnaire

A

Food intake patterns

Limited in accuracy and completeness
Have to know target population

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18
Q

Food diary

A

Record when you consume food
Portion size estimated
Most accurate method

Observer effect

19
Q

ABCs

A

Anthropometric measurements
Biochemical testing
Clinical assessment
Dietary assessment

20
Q

Anthropometric measurements

A

Measurements and proportions of body

21
Q

Biochemical testing

A

Lab tests

22
Q

Clinical assessment

A

Physical exam

23
Q

Dietary assessment

A

Diet + health history

24
Q

Nutrition

A

Process by which a living organism obtains, assimilates, and uses nutrients or other food components for growth, maintenance of tissues, and reproduction

25
Q

Nutrients

A

Chemical compounds in diet that organisms need to sustain life

26
Q

Nutrients organism level

A

Promote growth
Maintain tissues
Regulate physiological processes

27
Q

Nutrients cellular level

A

Provide energy
Structure for materials
Regulatory agents for processes

28
Q

Macronutrients

A

Proteins
Lipids
Carbs
Water

Alcohol?

29
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins
Minerals

30
Q

Water

A

Macro
Inorganic
Non NRG yielding

31
Q

Carbs

A

Macro
Organic
NRG yielding
C, H, O

32
Q

Lipids

A

Macro
Organic
NRG yielding
Membranes, signaling
Condense source of NRG

33
Q

Protein

A

Macro
Organic
NRG yielding
C, H, O, N

34
Q

Vitamins

A

Micro
Organic
Non NRG yielding (complex)
Regulatory agents, signaling, hormones

35
Q

Minerals

A

Micro
Inorganic
Non NRG yielding

36
Q

Nutrient Density

A

Number and amount of micronutrients in a food relative to its nrg content

mg/kcal

37
Q

Energy density

A

Energy content of a food relative to its weight
kcal/g

38
Q

Nutrient-dense food

A

high in essential nutrients but relatively low in calories

39
Q

RDA

A

One value to meet the needs of a healthy population
Revised every 5 years

The levels of intake of essential nutrients that, based on scientific knowledge, are judged by the Food and Nutrition Board to be adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy persons

40
Q

Goals for DRIs

A

Set recommended intake values for individuals (RDA + AI)
Facilitate nutrition research and policy for population (EAR)
Establish safety guidelines (UL)
Prevent chronic disease

41
Q

AI

A

Adequate intake level

Established if data is insufficient for EAR/RDA

Nutrient intake goal for individuals
Based on avg intake of healthy populations that supports adequate nutritional status

42
Q

UL

A

Tolerable upper intake level

Max daily intake that appears safe

Beyond the intake level, increased risk for adverse health effects

43
Q

Calculate RDA

A

EAR + 2x SD

44
Q

Intake goal

A

Btwn RDA and UL

45
Q

DRI

A

the average daily intake level of a particular nutrient that is likely to meet the nutrient requirements of 97-98% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group

46
Q

EAR

A

Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals

Nutri Sci (10 decks)

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