Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutri Sci > Water Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Vitamins

A

Organic compounds

Small amonts in the diet

Essential for basic functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vitamin classes

A

Water soluble
Fat soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vitamin C name

A

Ascorbic acid or ascorbate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitamin C function

A

Cofactor in synthesis of collagen

Cofactor in reactions of
carnitine/neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vitamin C absorption/transport

A

Active transport
SVCT1/SVCT2

Water soluble, can move freely in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vitamin C storage/excretion

A

Excess filtered by kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy

Symptoms related to maintenance of blood vessel integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scurvy symptoms

A

Blood vessel failure
Formation of microhemorrhages
Discoloration/inflammation of gums (symmetrical)
Poor wound healing
Joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vitamin C toxicity

A

Nausea
Cramps
Diarrhea
Takes a lot to overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vitamin C RDA

A

Higher for smokers
Reach saturation around 100 mg –> absorption levels off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vitamin C sources

A

Broccoli
Strawberries
Citrus fruits
Kiwi
Brussel sprouts
Potatoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

B vitamins

A

NRG metabolism
Absorbed in SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vitamin B1 name

A

Thiamin
Form cofactor TPP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vitamin B1 function

A

Coenzyme in metabolic pathways
Neurotransmitter synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vitamin B1 absorption/transport

A

Active transport
Diffusion at high concentration
Travels in blood bound to albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vitamin B1 storage/excretion

A

Store a bit in the liver
Excreted in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Malnourished/homeless
Diet high in empty calories
Insufficent food intake
Beriberi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Beriberi wet form

A

Affects cardiovascular system
Fast heart rate
Shortness of breath
Leg swelling/edema
Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Beriberi dry form

A

Affects nervous system
Numbness in extremities
Confusion
Pain
Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Beriberi

A

Can lead to brain leisons
Can affect alcoholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why does deficiency affect alcoholics

A

Lower absorption
Increased excretion
Poor intake (alcohol = majority of diet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vitamin B1 RDA

A

Can test for deficiency using transketolase activity in RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vitamin B1 sources

A

Pork products
Some wheat products (whole grain)
Soy milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vitamin B2 name

A

Riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Vitamin B2 function
Component of 2 coenzymes FMN + FAD
26
FMN
Component of ETC
27
FAD
Beta oxidation of FA Conversion of tryptophan to niacin Reduction of oxidized glutathione by glutathione reductase
28
Vitamin B2 absorption/transport
Absorb in SI Active/passive transport
29
Vitamin B2 storage/excretion
Minimal storage Convert to cofactors Excrete in urine
30
Vitamin B2 deficiency
Ariboflavinosis Alcoholics/elderly
31
Ariboflavinosis
Lesions of swelling in/around mouth (stomatitis) Extreme chapped lips (cheilosis) Dry mouth at the back of the tongue (glossitis)
32
Vitamin B2 nutrient drug interaction
Phenobarbital Metabolism of the dug causes increased utilization of riboflavin
33
Vitamin B2 food sources
Dairy products Fortified grain Little bit from fruit/veg Liver
34
Vitamin B3 name
Niacin Nicotinic acid Nicotinamide
35
Vitamin B3 function
Cofactor NAD and NADP Involved in central NRG metabolism NADP participates in biosynthesis NADH delivers e- to ETC
36
Vitamin B3 absorption/transport
Faciliated or passive transport Synthesized from tryptophan Travels through blood
37
Vitamin B3 storage/excretion
Not much storage Excreted in urine
38
Vitamin B3 RDA
Stated as niacin equilivants
39
Vitamin B3 megadoses
Can decrease LDL and increase HDL Niacin flush Dilated capillaries Painful tingling
40
Vitamin B3 deficiency
Pellagra: Dementia Diarrhea Dermatitis Death
41
Vitamin B3 sources
Meat Poultry Seafood Nuts/peanut butter
42
Vitamin B5 name
Pantothenic acid
43
Vitamin B5 function
Essential to all forms of life Precursor and component of synthesis of Acetyl CoA Involved in synthesis reactions of : Lipids Neurotransmitters Steroid hormones Hemoglobin
44
Vitamin B5 absorption/transport
Absorbed in SI Diet = CoA form Break down in SI Circulate in blood
45
Vitamin B5 storage/excretion
Minimal storage Excrete in urine
46
Vitamin B5 RDA
No RDA No UL
47
Vitamin B5 deficiency
Very rare General failure of body's systems Fatigue GI stress Neurological symptoms
48
Vitamin B5 nutient drug interaction
Evidence of interactions w/ estrogen containing oral contraceptives Increase requirements?
49
Vitamin B5 sources
Meat Dairy Nuts Grains Veggies Widely available
50
Vitamin B7 name
Biotin
51
Vitamin B7 function
Involved in a wide range of (biosynthetic) metabolic processes Utilization of fats, carbs, AA Acetyl CoA carboxylase Labeling tool
52
Vitamin B7 absorption/transport
Faciliated transport Must be released from food (brush border) Large intestine can synthesize (microbiota)
53
Vitamin B7 storage/excretion
Some liver storage Excrete in the urine
54
Vitamin B7 RDA
No RDA No UL
55
Vitamin B7 deficiency
Very rare Diet of only raw egg whites Skin rash, hair loss, neurological impairment Can be genetic Biotinidase deficiency (doesn’t work) Can’t release/absorb biotin Can be fixed w/ supplementation
56
Vitamin B7 sources
Widely available Animal products Eggs Liver Fish
57
Vitamin B6 name
Pyridoxal Pyridoxine Pyridoxamine
58
Vitamin B6 function
Cofactor of PLP enzymatic reactions Hemoglobin biosynthesis FA metabolism Niacin synthesis Glycogen phosphorylase Gluconeogenesis Transamination (AA biosynthesis)
59
Vitamin B6 absorption/transport
Absorb in SI Passive diffusion Must be dephosphorylated 1st Liver processes to PLP Send out via blood, attached to albumin
60
Vitamin B6 storage/excretion
Liver and muscle storage Excrete in processed form
61
Vitamin B6 RDA
Increase w/ age Used to be linked to protein intake
62
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Uncommon, alcoholics Microcytic hypochromic anemia
63
Vitamin B6 drug interaction
L dopa Isoniazid (antibiotic) Both increase requirement
64
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
Small, pale red blood cells due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis Seborrheic dermatitis Depression Confusion Convulsions Impaired immune function
65
Vitamin B6 toxicity
Neurological damage Peripheral neuropathy Need to take a high dose for a long period of time
66
Vitamin B6 sources
Meat Fish Veggies Fruit Potatoes Will lose some during cooking
67
Vitamin B9 name
Folate
68
Vitamin B9 function
Coenzymes come from THF (DHF, THFA) Move around single carbon units Essential for DNA synthesis and repair
69
Methotrexate
Inhibit DNA synthesis Cancer treatment (chemo) Folate antagonist Can help with immune diseases at lower doses
70
Homocysteine metabolism
Intermediate between methionine and cysteine (conditionally essential) High levels in the blood = correlated w/ cardiovascular disease B6, 9, 12 can lower levels in the blood
71
Vitamin B9 absorption/transport
Absorb in SI (monoglutamate form) Enzymes break down polyglutamate from food Active/passive transport Need transport help acorss membranes Methyl transfer to activate (by B12)
72
Vitamin B9 storage/excretion
Store a limited amount in the liver Enterohepatic circulation Liver incorporates excess into bile
73
Vitamin B9 deficiency
Alcoholics Pregnancy Excess diarrhea Megaloblastic anemia (macrocytic) Neural tube defects
74
Megaloblastic anemia (macrocytic)
Problem with red blood cells Decreased DNA synthesis in cells in blood marrow Protein synthesis continues Cell division slows → cells become enlarged Cells still have nucleus, become misshapen Poor carriers of oxygen
75
B9 neural tube defects
Causes spina bifida Spinal column has not fused Bubbles of fluids Anencephaly No brain develops Paralysis, incontinence, hydrocephalus, learning disabilities
76
Vitamin B9 RDA
UL due to high doses masking B12 deficiency Dietary folate equilivants
77
Vitamin B9 sources
Green leafy veggies Fortified foods Not dairy products Heat, light, and air sensitive
78
Vitamin B12 name
Cobalamin
79
Vitamin B12 function
Coenzyme for methionine synthesis Necessary for nerve development (myelin sheath)
80
Vitamin B12 absorption/transport
R protein protects B12 while it moves through stomach Pepsin/acid denature proteins bound to B12 R protein degraded in SI Intrinsic factor binds (absorbed) Protein complex binds, enter blood, circulate
81
Vitamin B12 storage/excretion
Some storage Enterohepatic circulation
82
Vitamin B12 RDA
No UL Only made by bacteria and archaea
83
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Result of impaired absorption Defect in R protein or intrinsic factor Long term treatments that affect production of acid Pernicious megaloblastic anemia Neurological symptoms
84
Vitamin B12 Pernicious megaloblastic anemia
Decreased DNA synthesis in cells in blood marrow Protein synthesis continues Cell division slows → cells become enlarged Cells still have nucleus, become misshapen
85
Vitamin B12 neurological symptoms
Peripheral neuropathy Gait ataxia Memory loss Cognition impairment Myelin sheath damage
86
Vitamin B12 sources
Animal origin Meat Dairy Fortified foods

Nutri Sci (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions