Mod 3

Question 1

Lipids importance

Answer 1

Contribute to food structure
Burned for energy
Energy reserve (stored)
Structurally diverse

Question 2

Fatty acids

Answer 2

Base lipid unit
4-24 C
Processed in 2C units

Question 3

Omega end

Answer 3

Ch3 end

Question 4

Alpha end

Answer 4

Carbox acid end

Question 5

Saturated fats

Answer 5

Stearic acid
Animal fats

Question 6

Monounsaturated fat

Answer 6

Oleic acid
Olive and canola oils

Question 7

Polyunsaturated fat

Answer 7

Linoleic acid
Sunflower, safflower, corn, soybean oils

Linolenic acid
Soybean, canola oils, flaxseed, walnuts

Question 8

Essential fatty acids

Answer 8

Cells lack enzymatic machinery to place double bonds between w end and C9
Must get w6 and w3 from the diet

Question 9

Essential fatty acids purpose

Answer 9

Cell membranes
Immune function
Vision
Complex lipid structure
Eicosanoid production

Question 10

Linoleic acid

Answer 10

Used to make series 1 and 2 eicosanoids
Stimulates blood clotting
Too much → heart attack/heart disease

Question 11

Alpha-linolenic acid

Answer 11

Used to make series 3 eicosanoids
Lead to decreased blood clotting
Reduce synthesis of group 2 eicosanoids
Too much → hemorrhagic stroke

Question 12

Rancidification

Answer 12

Auto Oxidation or hydrolysis of fats/oils
Produce short chain aldehydes, ketones, FA
Oxidation occurs with unsaturation

Question 13

Hydrogenation

Answer 13

Add hydrogens across double bond
Protect against rancidity

Question 14

Passing cell membranes

Answer 14

Free FA, monoglycerides, and glycerol can
TG must be hydrolyzed by lipases first

Question 15

Triglycerides purpose

Answer 15

Provide energy
Energy storage
Insulation/protection (organs)
Transport of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 16

Phospholipids

Answer 16

Contain 2 fatty acid chains
Third position is a phosphate linked group
Component of cell membranes

Question 17

Emulsifiers

Answer 17

Phospholipids organize in aq solution
Head oriented towards water
Interior =hydrophobic core

Question 18

Composition of lipoproteins

Answer 18

Phospholipid outer shell
Triglyceride interior
Includes cholesterol and protein

Question 19

Chylomicrons

Answer 19

Transport diet derived lipids
Small intestine → lymphatic → blood

Question 20

VLDL

Answer 20

Created in liver
From dietary and newly synthesized lipids
Carry lipids and cholesterol to tissues

Question 21

LDL

Answer 21

Derived from VLDL

Mostly cholesterol
Internalized by a receptor pathway in liver/tissues
Supplies cholesterol for growth/tissue development

Question 22

HDL

Answer 22

Synthesized in liver and intestine
Pick up cholesterol from dying cells

Question 23

Lipoprotein Lipase

Answer 23

Enzyme attached to blood vessels
Hydrolyze TG → glycerol + 3 FA
Deliver lipids to surrounding tissue

Question 24

Sterols

Answer 24

From cholesterol
From animal sources
Precursor to steroid hormones + fat soluble vitamins

Question 25

Fed state

Answer 25

Clearing of blood lipids
Lipids delivered to muscle and adipose

Question 26

Fasting state

Answer 26

Hormone sensitive lipase activated in adipose by glucagon
TG breakdown and mobilization of glycerol + FFA

Question 27

Emulsifier Ex

Answer 27

Lecithin
Polysorbate 60
Phosphatidylcholine
(Phospholipids)
Egg Yolk
Monoacylglycerol