Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutri Sci > Water & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Water & Electrolytes Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Water’s functions

A

Carrier
Maintains molecular structure
Participates in chemical rxns
Solvnet
Lubricant
Thermoregulation
Blood volume maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

⅓ of volume, 20% of weight
Inside all cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

⅔ of volume, 40% of weight

Intravascular
Interstitial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

Within vessels
Blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

75% of ECF
Around cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

Dependent on osmotic particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osmotic particles

A

Solutes that can’t cross membrane
Salts, sugar, protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Pressure necessary to stop the movement of water across semi permeable membrane
Membrane separates 2 solutions that have different particle concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Isotonic

A

Particle concentration outside = inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypotonic

A

Particle concentration higher on inside
Water comes into cell
Cells expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypertonic

A

Particle concentration higher on outside
Water leaves the cell
Cells shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electrolytes

A

Salts that dissolve in water and dissociate into ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Electrolyte equilibrium

A

Body regulates amount of water in each compartment

Control the amount of electrolytes in each

Water follows movement of electrolytes via diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Extracellular electrolytes

A

Na
Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intracellular electrolytes

A

K
HPO4 (phosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ion exchange

A

Body maintains gradients of electrolytes
Use energy to exchange sodium and potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fluid pH

A

Bicarbonate and some proteins = pH buffers
Maintain pH in a very narrow range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Closed
Hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Capillaries

A

Site of fluid and solute exchange
Huge surface area (capillary beds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pressure gradients drive

A

Movement of blood
How absorption and filtration occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

Forces fluid out of the capillary
Force generated by pressure of fluid on capillary walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plasma oncotic pressure

A

Draws fluid back in the capillaries
Exerted by proteins in blood plasma or fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Arterial side

A

Hydrostatic > oncotic
Deliver nutrients to tissue
Stuff in blood is filtered out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Venous side

A

Hydrostatic < oncotic
Tissues drop things into blood
Dispose of waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Edmea
Accumulation of fluid within interstitial space
26
Water intake requirements vary on
Diet Activity Environment
27
Insensible water loss
Skin (not sweating) Respiration Only the kidneys can compensate for these losses
28
Water loss
Must excrete urine to remove metabolic waste Regulated by kidneys
29
Temperature regulation
Evaporated perspiration Sweating
30
Dehydration 1-2%
Thirst Fatigue Weakness Discomfort Loss of appetite
31
Dehydration 3-4%
Impaired physical performance Dry mouth Reduction in urine Flushed skin Impatience Apathy
32
Dehydration 5-6%
Difficulty concentrating Headache Irritability Sleepiness Impaired temp regulation Increased respiratory rate
33
Dehydration 7-10%
Dizziness Spastic muscles Loss of balance Delirium Exhaustion Collapse
34
GI tract
Handles 9 L of water per day Ingerst 2000 mL per day Other 7000 mL recycled
35
Sense of thirst
Excessive loss of body water Increase in osmolarity sensed by the body Increase in osmolarity of 2-3% → strong desire to drink
36
Hypo-osmolality
Water intoxication Rapid fall in osmolality Water from ECF moves into cells
37
Kidneys regulate
Bodily fluid osmolality + volume Electrolyte balance Acid base balance
38
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidney Tubular system involved in urine production
39
Glomerulus
Part of the nephron Rich in capillaries Site of plasma filtration into renal tubes
40
Tubules
Site of processing of plasma filtrate to create urine
41
Filtration
Initial removal of water and solutes from the blood Not large proteins or blood cells
42
Reabsorption
Selective removal of water and solutes from glomerular filtrate into blood
43
Secretion
Selective removal of some solutes from the plasma into the tubules
44
Excretion
Removal of final urine to the bladder
45
PTH and Calcium
Induces kidney to activate more vitamin D Increases calcium reabsorption Decreases calcium excretion
46
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Arginine vasopressin Released by pituitary Response to increased osmolarity / decreased blood pressure Increase water absorption (kidneys)
47
Renin
Released from kidneys Response to low bp Acts on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I
48
Angiotensin I
Coveted to angiotensin II in the lungs
49
Angiotensin II
Vasoconstrictor Constricts blood vessels Increase blood pressure Release of aldosterone from adrenal glands
50
Aldosterone
Acts on renal tubes Increase Na reabsorption and K excretion Water follows Na Blood volume increased
51
ACE inhibitors
Hypertension drug Prevent angiotensin I → II conversion (ACE enzymes) Inhibit hydrolysis of vasodilator Lower blood pressure
52
Sodium function
ECF cation Important for regulating body water and electrolyte balance Neural and muscular function
53
Sodium requirement
No RDA Depend on physical activity and climate Intake more than we need
54
Sodium sources
Processed foods Sodium bicarbonate, NaCl, sodium saccharin Fruits and veggies contain the least
55
Sodium sensitivity
Chronic renal disease, diabetes, hypertension Lower bp with restricted sodium intake
56
Sodium deficiency
Occurs with vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating Muscle cramps, mental apathy
57
Sodium toxicity
Edmea Hypertension
58
Potassium function
Main cation inside cells Role in fluid and electrolyte balance Nerve and muscle function
59
Potassium sources
Fresh, unprocessed foods Fruit and veg Coffee Tea Milk Potatoes Animal products
60
Potassium deficiency
Hypokalemia Occurs b/c of diarrhea, vomiting Associated with use of diuretics, steroids, laxatives
61
Potassium deficiency symtoms
Muscle weakness Paralysis Confusion Arrhythmia Hypertension
62
Potassium toxicity
Hyperkalemia Overuse of supplements Hard to induce from diet Muscle weakness, vomiting, heart failure

Nutri Sci (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions