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BOTANY LEC > MOD 10.2: CELLULAR RESPIRATION > Flashcards

MOD 10.2: CELLULAR RESPIRATION Flashcards

1
Q

RELEASE OF ENERGY from glucose molecules that are broken down to individual CO2 molecules

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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2
Q

where does CELLULAR RESPIRATION is INITIATED

A

CYTOPLASM

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3
Q

where does CELLULAR RESPIRATION is COMPLETED

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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4
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION FORMULA

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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5
Q

In Eukaryotic cells:
● Cellular respiration BEGINS with the products of ____

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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6
Q

the products of glycolysis is being transported into the ____

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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7
Q

Further breaking of chemical bonds and the liberation of ATP happen in the _______

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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8
Q

Further breaking of chemical bonds and the liberation of ____ happen in the Mitochondria

A

ATP

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9
Q

the further breaking of chemical bonds and the liberation of ATP that happen in the Mitochondria is due to a series of _____

A

METABOLIC PATHWAYS

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10
Q

END PRODUCTS of cellular respiration in EUKARYOTIC CELLS

A

CO2
H2O

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11
Q

THEORETICAL MAXIMUM YIELD of cellular respiration is ____ ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized

A

36

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12
Q

FIRST MAJOR PHASE in cellular respiration

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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13
Q

where does GLYCOLYSIS takes place?

A

CYTOPLASM

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14
Q

this DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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15
Q

GLYCOLYSIS is considered as what type of metabolic reaction

A

ANAEROBIC CATABOLIC REACTION

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16
Q

glycolysis converts 6-carbon glucose molecule to

A

2 PYRUVIC ACID molecules

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17
Q

these are RELEASED during glycolysis

A

HYDROGEN IONS & HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS

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18
Q

Hydrogen ions and High-energy (Released during the process) are picked up and temporarily held by an acceptor called ____

A

NAD

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19
Q

HOW MANY STEPS ANG GLYCOLYSIS

A

TEN STEPS

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20
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
_____ molecule becomes a FRUCTOSE molecule carrying TWO phosphates (P)

A

GLUCOSE

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21
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
GLUCOSE molecule becomes a _____ molecule carrying TWO phosphates (P)

A

FRUCTOSE

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22
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
GLUCOSE molecule becomes a FRUCTOSE molecule carrying ____ phosphates (P)

A

TWO

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23
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
______ molecule is split into TWO 3-carbon fragments called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P)

A

FRUCTOSE

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24
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
FRUCTOSE molecule is split into ____ 3-carbon fragments called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P)

A

TWO

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25
GLYCOLYSIS: FRUCTOSE molecule is split into TWO 3-carbon fragments called _______
GA3P
26
GLYCOLYSIS: Some hydrogen, energy, and water are ______ from these 3-carbon fragments
REMOVED
27
glycolysis END PRODUCT
PYRUVIC ACID
28
For every glucose molecule broken down, the NET products are:
○ 2 ATP ○ 2 NADH + 2𝐻+ ○ 2 molecules of pyruvate
29
● What is the final product of glycolysis?
PYRUVIC ACID
30
● In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place
CYTOPLASM
31
● How many ATP are produced during the SECOND HALF of glycolysis
4 ATP MOLECULES
32
● How many ATP are produced during the FIRST HALF of glycolysis
NONE / 0
33
● How many ATP are USED during the FIRST half of glycolysis
2 ATP USED
34
In aerobic respiration, Glycolysis is then followed by two major stages:
● Citric Acid Cycle ● Electron Transport
35
STAGE 2 of cellular respiration
CITRIC ACID CYCLE KREBS CYCLE
36
The citric acid cycle was originally named as
KREBS CYCLE
37
KREBS CYCLE is also known as
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
38
Series of BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS that are CATALYZED by ENZYMES
CITRIC ACID CYCLE KREBS CYCLE
39
Krebs cycle is named after
HANS KREBS
40
CITRIC ACID CYCLE / KREBS CYCLE is also known as
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
41
CITRIC ACID CYCLE occurs in the fluid matrix located within the ___
CRISTAE of MITOCHONDRIA
42
BEFORE ENTERING the CA cycle: ● ________ is released from pyruvic acid that was produced by glycolysis
CARBON DIOXIDE
43
Before entering the CA cycle: ● Carbon dioxide is released from pyruvic acid that was produced by glycolysis. Enzymes then convert it to a molecule called
ACETYL-CoA
44
CITRIC ACID CYCLE end products
2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2
45
● T/F. Not all living things engage in the Krebs cycle.
TRUE
46
● T/F. Conversion of Pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is the first event in Krebs cycle.
FALSE
47
● Y/N: Is there a production of ATP in Krebs Cycle?
YES
48
STAGE 3 of cellular rep
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
49
a series of ELECTRON TRANSPORTERS embedded with the INNER MEMBRANE OF MITOCHONDRION
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
50
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: ETC is used by __________ to create ATP
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
51
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: Oxidative phosphorylation uses ETC to make ATP by the process of ______
CHEMIOSMOSIS
52
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: Electrons are passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of ______
REDOX REACTIONS
53
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: Electrons are _____ from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of Redox reactions
PASSED
54
ELECTRON DONORS consisting of acceptor molecules
NADH FADH2
55
IRON-CONTAINING proteins included in ACCEPTOR molecules
CYTOCHROMES
56
electron donors are arranged in a precise sequence on the inner membranes of ____
MITOCHONDRIA
57
____ flow through a SERIES OF CARRIER MOLECULES down an energy gradient ● Many of which are part of protein complexes (Complex I - IV)
ELECTRONS
58
______ also ACCEPT PROTONS and RELEASE them to the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE of the mitochondrion
ELECTRON CARRIERS
59
where does the electron carriers release the protons they accept
INTERMMEBRANE SPACE OF MITOCHONDRION
60
BUILDUP OF PROTONS outside the mitochondrial matrix
ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT
61
Through chemiosmosis: ● Additional ______ COUPLE the transport of protons BACK INTO THE MATRIX with phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
PROTEIN COMPLEXES
62
_____ stops if there are NO ELECTRON DONORS or ELECTRON ACCEPTOR oxygen molecules
PRODUCTION OF ATP
63
In the final step of aerobic respiration: ● _____ acts as the ULTIMATE ELECTRON ACCEPTOR
OXYGEN
64
In the final step of aerobic respiration: ● Oxygen produces _____ as it combines with hydrogen
WATER H2O
65
A form of respiration taking place in the ABSENCE of OXYGEN
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
66
Two forms of fermentation:
ALCHOHOL FERMENTATION (plants & fungi) LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION (bacteria & animals)
67
ALCHOHOL FERMENTATION FORMULA
C6H12O6 ---> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + ATP
68
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION FORMULA
C6H12O6 ---> 2C3H6O3 + ATP
69
STORES energy in sugar molecules
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
70
RELEASES energy from sugar molecules
RESPIRATION
71
USES CARBON DIOXIDE & WATER
PHOTO
72
RELEASES carbon dioxide & water
RESPI
73
INCREASES weight
PHOTO
74
DECREASES weight
RESPI
75
occurs in LIGHT
PHOTO
76
occurs in either light or darkness
RESPI
77
occurs in cells containing CHLOROPLAST
PHOTO
78
occurs in ALL LIVING CELLS
RESPI
79
PRODUCES OXYGEN in GREEN ORGANISMS
PHOTO
80
UTILIZES OXYGEN
RESPI
81
produces ATP with LIGHT ENERGY
PHOTO
82
produces ATP with ENERGY RELEASED FROM SUGAR
RESPI
83
Optimum temperature is between
20 - 30
84
Respiration increases with an increase in ____ content
WATER
85
Respiration increases with an increase in _____
OXYGEN
86
FACTORS THAT AFFECT RESPIRATION
TEMPERATURE WATER OXYGEN

BOTANY LEC (19 decks)

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