Mod 2: Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space is called

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Pure substance

They can’t be broken down or decomposed into two or more substances.
Part of the periodic table

Answer 2

Elements

Question 3

Chemical combination of two or more elements are called

Answer 3

Compounds

Question 4

What are the four elements that makes up 96% of the body? (Elements of life) How many bonds do each have?

Answer 4

Hydrogen (1 bond), Oxygen (2 bonds), Nitrogen (3 bonds) , Carbon (4 bonds)
*HONC

Question 5

What is the name of the bond formed when one atom TRANSFERS to another?

Answer 5

Ionic bond

Question 6

Bond formed between two atoms when the atoms SHARE one or more pairs of electrons

Answer 6

Covalent bond

Question 7

A weak attraction between slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another

Answer 7

Hydrogen bond

Question 8

What is synthesis?

Answer 8

Two or more substances combined to form a different more complex substance
(A + B -> AB)

Question 9

What is decomposition?

Answer 9

A complex substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances
(AB -> A + B)

Question 10

What is exchange?

Answer 10

Two molecules exchange atoms or groups of atoms which form two new compounds
(AB + CD -> AC + BD)

Question 11

The sum of all the chemical reactions in the body is called

Answer 11

Metabolism

Question 12

Metabolic activity: constructive phase of metabolism during which cells use nutrients and energy for growth and repair
(Needs energy/builds up)

Answer 12

Anabolism

Question 13

Metabolic activity: phase of metabolism during which complex substances are converted to simpler ones, resulting in release of chemical energy
(Breaks down)

Answer 13

Catabolism

Question 14

Inorganic molecules essential to human life include

Answer 14

Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide as well as acids and bases

Question 15

What is the main energy source of the body?

Answer 15

Carbohydrates

Question 16

What is the primary form of sugar used by cells?

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

What is the stored form of glucose?

Answer 17

Glycogen

Question 18

What does ATP consist of? How is it used for energy?

Answer 18

A base, sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. When one of the high-energy connected bonds break through a chemical reaction, energy is released

Question 19

What is acid?

Answer 19

Any substance that releases hydrogen ions in solution

Question 20

What is a base?

Answer 20

Any substance that combines with hydrogen ions

Question 21

An atomic number is defined by

Answer 21

The number of protons in the nucleus of an element

Question 22

The atomic weight is described as

Answer 22

The number of protons and neutrons added together

Question 23

Composed mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, lipids (aka fats) are large and diverse group. What is one characteristic these organic molecules have in common?

Answer 23

They’re insoluble in water

Question 24

What is the most abundant lipid?

Answer 24

Triglycerides

Question 25

What is the most important steroid – the one from which all other steroids are made

Answer 25

Cholesterol

Question 26

What are the four major groups of organic substances in the human body?

Answer 26

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 27

What is the most abundant, and most important, organic compounds in the body?

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

What do proteins consist of?

Answer 28

Essential amino acids obtained through food, and nonessential amino acids that the body creates

Question 29

What is an atom?

Answer 29

The smallest part of an element; consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons

Question 30

What is a molecule?

Answer 30

A combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 31

What is a solvent?

Answer 31

A substance that dissolves a solute resulting in a solution. Must be clear - no particles visible. Usually a liquid

Question 32

Solutions with a pH less than 7 are

Answer 32

Acidic

Question 33

Solutions with a pH greater than 7 are

Answer 33

Basic or alkaline

Question 34

When acidic solutions are dissolved in water, they release ________ ions

Answer 34

Hydrogen (H+) ions

Question 35

Alkaline solutions release _______ ions when dissolved in water

Answer 35

Hydroxide (OH+)