Mod 6 - Nervous System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of

A

Vast network of nerves Throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided into

A

Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the sensory (afferent) division?

A

Carries signals from nerve endings to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the motor (efferent) Division?

A

Transmits information from CNS to rest of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The sensory (afferent) is further divided into what 2 divisions & what are their roles?

A

Somatic sensory - Carries signals from skin, bones, joints,muscles
Visceral sensory - Carries signals from viscera of heart, lungs, stomach, and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

*Motor (efferent) division is further divided into what 2 divisions & what are their roles?

A

Somatic motor - Allows voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
Autonomic motor - provides “autonomic” Activities such as control of blood pressure and heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Autonomic motor is further divided into

A

Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

*What is the role of the sympathetic division?

A

Arouses the body for action “fight or flight”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

*What is the role of the parasympathetic division?

A

Has a calming effect “rest & digest”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the two types of cells that make up the nervous system

A

Neurons - Excitable, impulse conducting cells that perform the work of the nervous system
Neuroglia – protect the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the five major types of glia, and what part of nervous system do they reside in?

A

CNS - Oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microfilm, astrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

*What are the three classes of neurons and their functions?

A
  • Sensory neurons - detect stimuli (such as touch, heat,cold, or chemicals) and then transmits that information to the CNS
  • Interneurons - Connect the incoming sensory pathways with the outgoing motor pathways
  • Motor neurons - relay messages from the brain to the muscle or gland cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Control centre of the neuron and contains the nucleus

A

Soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Receives signals from other neurons and conducts the information to the cell body

17
Q

Carries nerve signals away from the cell body

18
Q

The axons of many (but not all) Neurons are encased in a ________ , which consist of _________ and acts to _________

A

Myelin sheath, consists of mostly lipid, acts to insulate the axon

19
Q

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

20
Q

The end of the axon branches extensively, with each axon terminal ending in a

A

Synaptic knob

21
Q

Function of myelin

A

Help speed impulse conduction

22
Q

Where are Schwann cells found?

A

In the PNS, Schwan cells wrap themselves around the axon forming myelin sheath

23
Q

What is the name for the outermost layer of the schwann cell, which is essential for an injured nerve to regenerate?

A

Neurilemma

24
Q

In the CNS, the myelin sheath is formed by

A

Oligodendrocytes

25
Extending from the end of the spinal cord is a bundle of nerve roots called the
Cauda equina
26
How many pairs of nerves branch out of the spinal cord
31
27
What do nerves from the thoracic region innervate?
Rib cage, abdominal muscles, and back muscles
28
What do the lumbar spinal nerves innervate?
Lower abdominal wall and parts of the thighs and legs
29
What is the name of the hole in the vertebrae where the nerves pass through?
Intervertebral foramina
30
What are the four main nerve networks (plexus) ?
Cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus
31
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?
Responsible for regulating the activities that maintain homeostasis. (Happen autonomously)