Mod 7: Endocrine System Overview

Question 1

What are the names of the two distinct glands that make up the pituitary gland?

Answer 1

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Question 2

Gland that exerts more influence over by processes than any other gland

Answer 2

Pituitary

Question 3

Type of tissue making up the anterior pituitary

Answer 3

Glandular

Question 4

Type of tissue making up the posterior pituitary

Answer 4

Neuro tissue

Question 5

Substance from which steroid hormones are made

Answer 5

Cholesterol

Question 6

Chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine system

Answer 6

Hormones

Question 7

This hormone is made by the beta cells of the pancreas, has the opposite effect of glucagon, and decreases the blood glucose levels

Answer 7

Insulin

Question 8

These glands release their products into ducts, and they empty onto a surface or into a cavity

Answer 8

Exocrine

Question 9

Cells with more of these are more sensitive to hormones influence

Answer 9

Receptor cells

Question 10

What are the 6 hormones released by the hypothalamus

Answer 10

Gonadotropin–releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Prolactin-releasing hormone 
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Question 11

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone promotes secretion of

Answer 11

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 12

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus promotes secretion of what hormone and what does this hormone stimulate?

Answer 12

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the anterior pituitary, Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

Question 13

Prolactin stimulates what?

Answer 13

Milk production in the memory glands in females. In males, it may make the testes is more sensitive to luteinizing hormone

Question 14

Growth hormone (GH), or somatotropin, is released by which gland and acts on the entire body to promote what?

Answer 14

The anterior pituitary - Promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth

Question 15

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is released by what gland and what does it stimulate?

Answer 15

Anterior pituitary, stimulates the production of eggs in the ovaries of females and sperm in the testes of males

Question 16

Luteinizing hormone is released by which gland, and what does it stimulate?

Answer 16

Anterior pituitary, stimulates ovulation and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in females and the secretion of testosterone by the testes in males

Question 17

The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) releases what hormones, and what are their functions?

Answer 17

Oxytocin - Stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth and triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (or vasopressin) - Acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration

Question 18

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 18

Lies in the Mediastinum just beneath the sternum

Question 19

What is the largest endocrine gland?

Answer 19

Thyroid gland

Question 20

The thyroid gland consists of two large lobes connected by

Answer 20

A narrow band of tissue called that isthmus

Question 21

Thyroid tissue is made of tiny sacs called thyroid follicles. The cells lining the sacs secrete which two main thyroid hormones?

Answer 21

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

Question 22

Self between the thyroid follicles, called parafollicular cells, secrete another hormone called

Answer 22

Calcitonin

Question 23

TSH Released from the anterior pituitary stimulates the release of what hormone from the thyroid gland? What role does this for hormone play?

Answer 23

Thyroid hormone - Increases the body’s metabolic rate, which increases heat production

Question 24

Parathyroid glands or in the posterior surface of the thyroid. What hormone do they secrete in response to low blood levels of calcium?

Answer 24

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 25

Each adrenal gland is two distinct glands. What are the names of the two glands?

Answer 25

Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

Question 26

The inner portion of the adrenal gland - adrenal medulla - Consists of what? And what hormones does it secrete?

Answer 26

Consist of modified neurons called chromaffin cells (functions as part of the sympathetic nervous system) - secretes catecholamines (specifically epinephrin and norepinephrine)

Question 27

The outer portion - adrenal cortex - consists of three layers of what type of tissue? And what does it secrete?

Answer 27

Glandular tissue - each layer secretes a different corticosteroid

Question 28

What are the three classes of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex? And what principal hormone do they secrete?

Answer 28

``` Mineralcorticoids (outermost layer) - aldosterone Glucocorticoids (middle layer) - cortisol Sex steroids (innermost layer) - Include a weak form of androgen that is converted to the more potent androgen testosterone. And small amounts of estrogen ```

Question 29

What is the role of catelcholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 29

Prepare body for physical activity and boost glucose levels

Question 30

What is your body’s primary stress hormone?

Answer 30

Cortisol

Question 31

*The pancreas contains both endocrine and exocrine tissues. What is the difference between the endocrine gland and exocrine gland?

Answer 31

Endocrine gland secretes its products directly into the bloodstream – it’s ductless Exocrine gland had ducts, don’t go directly into bloodstream

Question 32

Exocrine cells, called acini, secrete what into ducts that drain into the small intestine

Answer 32

Digestive enzymes

Question 33

Interspersed with the exocrine cells are clusters of endocrine cells called pancreatic islets, or the islets of Langerhans. What are the three main cells contained in the pancreatic islets?

Answer 33

Alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells

Question 34

What hormone do the alpha cells secrete?

Answer 34

Glucagon

Question 35

What hormone do the beta cells secrete?

Answer 35

Insulin

Question 36

What hormone does the delta cells secrete?

Answer 36

Somastostatin

Question 37

Steroid hormones are derived from?

Answer 37

Cholesterol

Question 38

What two hormones does the thymus secrete?

Answer 38

Thymosin and thymopoietin

Question 39

What gland develops the immune system?

Answer 39

Thymus