mod 3 chap 8 Flashcards
1
Q
aka GI tract
A
gastrointestinal tract
2
Q
aka mouth
A
oral cavity
3
Q
an/o
A
anus, ring
4
Q
chol/e
A
bile, gall
5
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
6
Q
col/o, colon/o
A
colon
7
Q
-emesis
A
vomiting
8
Q
enter/o
A
small intenstine
9
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
10
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach, belly
11
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
12
Q
-lithiasis
A
presence of stones
13
Q
-pepsia
A
digest, digestion
14
Q
-phagia
A
eating, swallowing
15
Q
proct/o
A
anus and rectum
16
Q
rect/o
A
rectum, straight
17
Q
sigmoid/o
A
sigmoid colon
18
Q
aka labia, surround the opening to the oral cavity
A
lips
19
Q
forms the roof of the mouth
A
palate
20
Q
the anterior portion of the palate this area is covered with specialized mucous membrane. irregular ridges
A
hard palate
21
Q
the flexible posterior of the palate
A
soft palate
22
Q
the third part of the palate, hangs from the free edge of the soft palate
A
uvula
23
Q
strong, flexible and muscular. the posterior portion is attached
A
tongue
24
Q
tongue is covered with small bumps
A
papillae
25
an/o
anus
26
dent/o
teeth
27
ile/o
ileum
28
describes the structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth
periodontium
29
aka masticatory mucosa orgums
gingiva
30
the bony structures of the oral cavity
dental arches
31
formed at the back of the mouth were the maxillary and mandibular arches come together
temporomandibular joint
32
refers to the natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws
dentition
33
describes any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth
occlusion
34
colorless liquid that maintains the moisture in the mouth
saliva
35
secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth
salivary glands
36
aka cardiac sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter
37
the folds in the mucosa lining of the stomach
rugae
38
aid in the beginning of food digestion
gastric juices
39
the ring-like muscle at the base of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
40
the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine
pylorus
41
the first portion of the small intestine
duodenum
42
the middle portion of the small intestine
jejunum
43
the last and longest portion of the small intestine
ileum
44
a pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen
cecum
45
the ring-like muscle that control that controls the flow from the ileum to the cecum
ileocecal sphincter
46
travels upwards from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver
ascending colon
47
passes horizontally across the abdominal cavity from right to left
transverse colon
48
travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon
descending colon
49
an s-shaped structure that continues from the descending col above and joins the rectum below
sigmoid colon
50
the widest division of the large intestine
rectum
51
the lower opening of the digestive tract
anus
52
refers to the anus and rectum
anorectal
53
play a key role in the digestive process, but are not part of the gastrointestinal tract
accessory organs
54
the largest organ in the body
liver
55
aka bile, aids in the digestion of fats
bilirubin
56
provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine
biliary tree
57
pear-shaped organ located under the liver which stores and concentrates bile for later use
gallbladder
58
means pertaining to the gallbladder
cholecystic
59
soft 6-inch long gland that is located behind the stomach
pancreas
60
the process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients
digestion
61
includes all the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients
metabolism
62
the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients
anabolism
63
the breaking down of body cells or substances releasing energy
catabolism
64
the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body
absorption
65
mucosa that lines the small intestine is covered with finger-like projections
villi
66
aka chewing
mastication
67
a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed
bolus
68
a series of wave-like contractions
peristalsis
69
semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that passes out of the stomach
chyme
70
aka solid body wastes
feces
71
aka bowel movement
defecation
72
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
borborygmus
73
passage of gas out of the body through the rectum
flatulence
74
the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
bariatrics
75
specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity
dentist
76
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the stomach and intestines
gastroenterologist
77
specializes in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries
oral or maxillofacial surgeon
78
dental specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures
orthodontist
79
a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth
periodontist
80
a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
proctologist
81
aka cancer sores, gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth
aphthous ulcers
82
a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
cheilosis
83
aka cold sores, blister like sores on the lips that are caused by herpes virus
herpes labialis
84
an abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or inside of the cheek, usually from chronic irritation
leukoplakia
85
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
stomatitis
86
any disease of the mouth due to a fungus
stomatomycosis
87
a type of stomatomycosis that develops...symptoms are creamy white lesions on the tongue or inner cheeks. Candida albicans
oral thrush
88
describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, etc
trismus
89
aka dry mouth
xerostomia
90
a birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose
cleft lip
91
the failure of the palate to close during early development of the fetus
cleft palate
92
the involuntary grinding or clenching or the teeth
bruxism
93
aka cavity
dental caries
94
major cause of dental caries
dental plaque
95
means without teeth
edentulous
96
aka bad breath
halitosis
97
any deviation from the normal position of the upper teeth against the lower teeth
malocclusion
98
an inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth
periodontal disease
99
aka tartar
dental calculus
100
the earliest stage of periodontal disease, inflammation affects only the gums
gingivitis
101
aka trench mouth, caused by abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
102
difficulty is swallowing
dysphagia
103
upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease
104
occurs when the cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure
Barrett's esophagus
105
heartburn
pyrosis
106
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
esophageal varices
107
a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through the diapjragm
hiatal hernia
108
common inflammation of the stomach lining that is often caused by bacteria
gastritis
109
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines
gastroenteritis
110
excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus in the stomach
gastrorrhea
111
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
peptic ulcers
112
loss of appetite for food
anorexia
113
an eating disorder leading to voluntary starvation
anorexia nervosa
114
eating disorder with binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors
bulimia nervosa
115
condition of physically wasting away due to the loss of weight that occurs in patients in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS
cachexia
116
abnormal craving or appetite for non-food substances that lasts for at least one month
pica
117
fluid loss exceeds fluid intake
dehydration
118
lack of proper food or nutrients
malnutrition
119
condition where the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it
malabsorption
120
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
obesity
121
condition of weighing two times or more the ideal weight or having a BMI greater than 40
morbid obesity
122
a number that shows body weight adjusted for height
body mass index
123
excessive swallowing or air while eating or drinking
aerophagia
124
pain or discomfort in digestion
dyspepsia
125
aka vomitting
emesis
126
act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
eructation
127
vomiting of blood
hematemesis
128
extreme, persistent vomiting
hyperemesis
129
urge to vomit
nausea
130
return of swallowed food to the mouth
regurgitation
131
gluten intolerance
celiac disease
132
aka colon cancer
colorectal carcinoma
133
mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
polyp
134
the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon
diverticulosis
135
a small pouch found in the lining or wall of a tubular organ
diverticulum
136
the inflammation or infection of a diverticulum in the colon
diverticulitis
137
inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking contaminated substances
enteritis
138
occurs when part of the large intestine is partially or completely deprived of blood
ischemic colitis
139
the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine
ileus
140
aka spastic colon, cramping, abdominal pain, etc
irritable bowel syndrome
141
general name for diseases that causes inflammation and swelling in the intestines
inflammatory bowel disease
142
a chronic condition in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
ulcerative colitis
143
a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur any where in the digestive tract, similar to ulcerative colitis
Crohn's disease
144
the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine caused by a physical obstruction
intestinal obstruction
145
twisting or the intestine on itself
volvulus
146
the telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening or an immediately adjacent part
intussusception
147
the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a week place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
inguinal hernia
148
occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia
strangulated hernia
149
a bacterial infection common to older adults in hospitals following the use of antibiotics that wipe out competing bacteria
Clostridium difficile
150
bacterial infection, occurs in hot countries spread through food or water contaminated by human feces
dysentery
151
caused by contaminated foods that have not been cooked properly
E. coli
152
transmitted by feces, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meats
salmonellosis
153
a small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during bowel movements
anal fissure
154
the inability to control the excretion of feces
bowel incontinence
155
having a bowel movement less than 3 times a week
constipation
156
abnormally frequent flow or loose or watery stools
diarrhea
157
occur when a cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening
hemorrhoids
158
a bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina, usually as the result of childbirth or pregnancy
rectocele
159
blow of bright red blood in the stool
hematochezia
160
the passage of black, tarry and foul-smelling stools
melena
161
the presence of excess fat in the stool
steatorrhea
162
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
163
yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin the blood
jaundice
164
inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection
hepatitis
165
chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
cirrhosis
166
hep transmitted through contamination of food and water with infected fecal matter, vacc available
hep a
167
hep, bloodborne disease transmitted via body fluids. vacc available
hep b
168
hep, bloodborne, transmitted via body fluids, no vacc, may be years before symptoms present
hep c
169
accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
170
more serious form consists of fatty accumulations plus liver damaging inflammation, can progress to cirrhosis
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
171
acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice
cholangitis
172
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones
cholecystitis
173
aka cholelith
gallstone
174
the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
cholethiasis
175
a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cros-ssection of the tissue structure within the abdomen
abdominal computed tomography
176
used to visualize internal organs by using high-frequency sound waves
abdominal ultrasound
177
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
cholangiography
178
placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
enema
179
endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
180
radiographic studies to examine the digestive system using barium contrast medium
upper and lower GI series
181
specimens of feces that are examined
stool samples
182
instrument used for visual examination of internal structures
endoscope
183
the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum
anoscopy
184
use of a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows
capsule endoscopy
185
direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum
colonoscopy
186
the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon,
sigmoidoscopy
187
aka fecal occult blood test, lab test for hidden blood in the stools
Hemoccult test
188
neutralize the acids in the stomach
antacids
189
decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach
proton pump inhibitors
190
medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomitting
antiemetic
191
medications given to stimulate bowel movements
laxatives
192
administered to combat the effects of dehydration
intravenous fluids
193
treatment in which solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract dehydration
oral rehydration therapy
194
the profession cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus
dental prophylaxis
195
the surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue
gingivectomy
196
surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities etc
maxillofacial surgery
197
surgical repair of a cleft palate
palatoplasty
198
surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
gastrectomy
199
placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach
nasogastric intubation
200
surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach
gastrostomy tube
201
administered to patients who cannot get their nutrition through eating
total parenteral nutrition
202
performed to treat morbid obesity by restricting the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested
bariatric surgery
203
surgical removal of all or part of the colon
colectomy
204
surgical incision into the colon
colotomy
205
surgical removal of a diverticulum
diverticulectomy
206
establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
gastroduodenostomy
207
surgical connection between two hollow structures
anastomosis
208
the surgical removal of the ileum
ileectomy
209
surgical procedure to create an artificial opening between an organ and the body surface
ostomy
210
surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall
ileostomy
211
surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
colostomy
212
surgical removal of hemorrhoids
hemorrhoidectomy
213
surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ
proctopexy
214
surgical removal of all or part of the liver
hepatectomy
215
incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone
choledocholithotomy
216
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholescystectomy
217
BMI
body mass index
218
COL
colonoscopy
219
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
220
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
221
GI
gastroinestinal
222
IH
inguinal hernia
223
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
224
IBS
irritable bowel syndrom
225
NG tube
nasogastric tube
226
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
227
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
228
UC
ulcerative colitis
