Mod 2 chp 4 Flashcards
1
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia
2
Q
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
A
tendons
3
Q
-cele
A
hernia, tumor, swelling
4
Q
fibr/o
A
fibrous tissue, fiber
5
Q
-ia
A
abnormal condition, plural of -ium
6
Q
kines/o, kinesi/o
A
movement
7
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis, stroke
8
Q
tax/o
A
coordination, order
9
Q
ton/o
A
tone, stretching, tension
10
Q
long slender cells that make up muscles
A
muscle fibers
11
Q
a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles
A
fascia
12
Q
pertaining to the muscle tissue and fascia
A
myofascial
13
Q
a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.
A
tendon
14
Q
are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible
A
skeletal muscles
15
Q
located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, move and control the flow of fluids through these structures
A
smooth muscles
16
Q
form the muscular walls of the heart
A
myocardial muscles
17
Q
the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
A
muscle innervation
18
Q
means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
A
neuromuscular
19
Q
tightening of a muscle
A
contraction
20
Q
occurs when a muscle returns to its original form
A
relaxation
21
Q
the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
A
abduction
22
Q
the movement of a limb toward the midline
A
adduction
23
Q
the act of raising or lifting a body part.
A
elevation
24
Q
the act of lowering a body part
A
depression
25
a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint
rotation
26
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
circumduction
27
decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
flexion
28
increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb
extension
29
extreme or over extension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
hyperextension
30
the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
pronation
31
the movement that bends the foot upwards at the ankle
dorsiflexion
32
the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle
plantar flexion
33
where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline or on a less movable part of the skeleton
origin
34
where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
insertion
35
inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process
mastoid
36
thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall
pectoralis major
37
toward the side (pertaining to muscle)
lateralis
38
the muscle toward the outer side of the leg
vastus lateralis
39
toward the midline (of muscle)
medialis
40
muscle toward the midline of the leg
vastus medialis
41
slanted or at an angle
oblique
42
straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
rectus
43
ring line muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sphincter
44
in a crosswise direction
transverse
45
aka biceps, muscle with two divisions
biceps brachii
46
aka triceps, three division
triceps brachii
47
largest muscle of the buttock
gluteus maximus
48
located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle
deltoid muscle
49
located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles
hamstring group
50
muscle in the forehead, raises and lowers the eyebrows
frontalis
51
moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth
temporalis
52
one of the strongest muscles, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing
masseter
53
in males, makes up the bulk of the chest muscles
pectoralis major
54
in the abdomen, flex and rotate the vertebral column, flex the torso and compress the abdomin
external oblique
55
in the abdomen, flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, rotate the spine
internal oblique
56
moves the head and shoulder blade
trapezius
57
flexes the elbow, anterior upper arm
biceps brachii
58
posterior upper arm, extends the elbow
triceps brachii
59
extends the leg at the knee
rectus femoris
60
four muscles which flex and extend the leg at the knee
quadriceps femoris
61
involved in knee flexion and hip extension
hamstring group
62
the calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward
gastrocnemius
63
a specialist who works under th supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
exercise physiologist
64
a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders
neurologist
65
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehab with the focus on restoring function
physiatrist
66
specializes in treating sports related injuries of the bones joints and muscles
sports medicine physician
67
inflammation of a fascia
fasciitis
68
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain
fibromyalgia syndrome
69
an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
tenosynovitis
70
inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use
tendinitis
71
a disorder characterized by profound fatigue
chronic fatigue syndrome
72
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
adhesion
73
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
atrophy
74
pain in the muscles
myalgia
75
the herniation of muscl substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
myocele
76
the degeneration of muscle tissue
myolysis
77
rupture of a muscle
myorrhexis
78
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
polymyositis
79
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with agin
sarcopenia
80
the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination and movement possible
muscle tone
81
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atonic
82
a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
dystonia
83
a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
hypotonia
84
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
ataxia
85
the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
contracture
86
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
intermittent claudication
87
sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles
spasm
88
painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause
cramp
89
aka wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected sie
spasmodic torticollis
90
extreme slowness in movement
bradykinesia
91
the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm
dyskinesia
92
aka hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity
hyperkinesia
93
sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle
myoclonus
94
the jerking of limbs that can normally occur as a person is falling asleep
nocturnal myoclonus
95
aka hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphram
singultus
96
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces severe weakness of voluntary muscles
myasthenia gravis
97
general term that describes a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting the skeletal system
muscular dystrophy
98
a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work
repetitive stress disorders
99
the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles. can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts
compartment syndrome
100
minor tissue injuring that have not been given time to heal
overuse injuries
101
inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint
overuse tendinitis
102
a chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body. caused by the development of trigger points, produces local and referred muscle pain
myofascial pain syndrome
103
occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
impingement syndrome
104
an inflammation of the tendons or the rotator cuff. aka tennis shoulder
rotator cuff tendinitis
105
develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if overuse continues
ruptured rotator cuff
106
occurs when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflammed and swollen
carpal tunnel syndrome
107
the surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve the pressure on tendons and nerves
carpal tunnel release
108
a harmless fluidfilled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
ganglion cyst
109
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
epicondylitis
110
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel
heel spur
111
an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. causes foot or heel pain when walking or running
plantar fasciitis
112
an injury to a joint, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn
sprain
113
an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon
strain
114
a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia
shin splint
115
a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles
hamstring injury
116
a painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress
Achilles tendinitis
117
overuse injury. caused by the iliotibial band rubbing against bone, often in the area of the knee
iliotibial syndrome
118
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle
paralysis
119
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myoparesis
120
a slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
hemiparesis
121
total paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegia
122
paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body
paraplegia
123
paralysis of all four extremities
quadriplegia
124
paralysis of the heart muscle
cardioplegia
125
tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon
deep tendon reflexes
126
a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
range-of-motion testing
127
a diagnostic test that measures the electric activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
electromyography
128
involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination
muscle biopsy
129
administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder
antispasmodic
130
administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries
skeletal muscle relaxant
131
a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles
neuromuscular blocker
132
the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
ergonomics
133
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions sucha s fibromyalgia
myofascial release
134
activities to promote recovery and rehab to assist patients in performing activities of daily living
occupational therapy
135
treatment to prevent disability or restore function
physical therapy
136
uses high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue. This heat eases pain, etc
therapeutic ultrasound
137
uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which causes changes in muscles
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
138
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
139
a surgical incision though the fascia to relieve tension or pressure
fasciotomy
140
the surgical repair of a fascia
fascioplasty
141
the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
tenodesis
142
the release of a tendon from adhesions
tenolysis
143
the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
tenorrhaphy
144
surgical suturing a muscle
myorrphaphy
145
surgical incision into a muscle
myotomy
146
ADL
activities of daily living
147
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
148
EMG
electromyography
149
FMS
fibromyalgia syndrome
150
hemi
hemiplegia
151
IC
intermittent claudication
152
MD
muscular dystrophy
153
MG
myasthenia gravis
154
OT
occupational therapist
155
PM
polymyositis
156
quad
quadriplegia
157
RSD
repetitive stress disorder
158
duct/o
to lead
159
dorsi/ dors/o
back of body
160
flex/o
to bend
161
tens/o
to stretch out
162
-ion
action
163
-paresis
partial or incomplete paralysis
164
-plegia
total paralysis
165
para-
along side of
