Mod 3: Lecture 4 - Leg, Ankle, and Foot Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Mod 3: Lecture 4 - Leg, Ankle, and Foot Deck (22)
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1
Q

Foot Osteology

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Cuboid - tarsal in front of the calcaneus
  • Navicular - tarsal in front of the talus, above the cuboid
2
Q

Talocural Joint

A
  • stability and mobility
  • between fibula/tibia and the talus
  • — inferior surface of tibia and the medial and lateral malleolus
  • — superior, lateral, and medial sides of the trochlea (scroll-like) on the top of the talus
  • synovial hinge type
  • — dorsiflexion/plantar flexion of the foot
  • Proximal Portion
  • — concave distal tibia
  • — concave distal fibula
  • Distal Component
  • — convex dome of talus
3
Q

Subtalar Joint

A
  • stability and mobility
  • between the talus and calcaneus
  • — the talus sits on the calcaneus
  • Proximal Portion
  • — inferior aspect of talus
  • Distal Component
  • — superior aspect of calcaneus
  • Synovial plane type
  • — eversion/inversion of the foot
  • — foot rotates as calcaneus glides against talus
4
Q

Ligaments of the ankle

A
  • many ligaments stabilize and support this joint
5
Q

Plantar Aponeurosis

A
  • protects structures on the sole of the foot
  • makes foot rigid
  • supports longitudinal arches
  • tendon sheet that goes from the ball of the foot to the heel
  • — vertical fibers
6
Q

Ligaments Supporting Foot Arches

A
  • Calcaneoavicular: calcaneus to navicular bone
  • Long Plantar: calcaneus to 2,3,4th metatarsals
  • — runs across the foot longitudinally
7
Q

Anterior and Lateral Leg Compartment

A
  • Tibius Anterior
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Peroneus Longus
  • Peroneus Brevis
  • Extensor Hallicus Longus
  • Peroneus Tertius
  • all are innervated by the Peroneal Nerve
8
Q

Posterior Compartment

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Flexor Hallicus Longus
  • all are innervated by the Tibial Nerve
9
Q

Intrinsic Foot Muscles

A
  • analogous in structure and function to the intrinsic muscles of the hand
10
Q

Lower Extremity Blood Supply

A
  • abdominal aorta is the continuation of the thoracic aorta after it transverses the diaphragm
  • abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the iliac crests to form the bilateral common iliac arteries
11
Q

Clinical Correlation: femoral artery

A
  • bc the femoral artery is relatively superficial at the femoral triangle, it is important for clinical procedures
  • — it may be cannulated just inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
  • left cardial angiography
  • angiogram
12
Q

Clinical Correlation: Left Cardial Angiograph

A
  • a long slender catheter is inserted into the femoral artery
  • and passed up the external iliac to the common iliac, the aorta, and then the left ventricle of the heart
13
Q

Origin of the Femoral Artery

A
  • at the level of the L5/S1 intervertebral disc
  • each common iliac artery —> internal and external iliac
  • internal —> superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, and obturator arteries
  • as the external iliac passed below the inguinal ligament, its name changes to the femoral artery
13
Q

Clinical Correlation: femoral artery

A
  • bc the femoral artery is relatively superficial at the femoral triangle, it is important for clinical procedures
  • — it may be cannulated just inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
  • left cardial angiography
  • angiogram
15
Q

Clinical Correlation: Left Cardial Angiography

A
  • a long slender catheter is inserted into the femoral artery
  • and passed up the external iliac to the common iliac, the aorta to the left ventricle of the heart
16
Q

Clinical Correlation: Angiogram

A
  • a contrast medium or dye is injected which is visible by X-ray
  • the resulting image is referred to as an angiogram
17
Q

Deep Artery of the Thigh

A
  • also called the profunda femoris artery
  • arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery within the femoral triangle
  • largest branch of the femoral artery and chief artery of the thigh
  • gives off perforating arteries that wrap around the posterior aspect of the femur
18
Q

Popliteal Artery

A
  • after passing through the adductor hiatus, the femoral artery courses into the popliteal fossa on the posterior aspect of the knee as the popliteal artery
  • deepest structure in the fossa
  • — runs in close proximity to the joint capsule of the knee
  • ends in the knee region by dividing into the posterior and anterior tibial arteries
19
Q

Leg Blood Supply

A
  • Posterior
  • — popliteal artery –branches-> posterior tibial —> medial plantar and lateral plantar arteries
  • — posterior tibial –branches-> fibular (peroneal) artery of the lateral compartment
  • Anterior
  • — anterior tibial (from the popliteal) —-> dorsalis pedis
20
Q

Foot Blood Supply

A
  • Dorsum (Back) of Foot
  • — dorsalis pedis artery
  • — terminal branch of the anterior tibial artery
  • Plantar (Sole) Surface of Foot
  • — medial and lateral plantar arteries
  • — terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery
21
Q

Leg Surface Anatomy: anterior view

A
  • Vastus Lateralis: bump to lateral side right above the knee
  • Vastus Medialis: bump to the medial side right above the knee
  • Tendon of the Quadriceps Femoris: hard, centered directly above the knee
  • Patella: knee cap
  • Patellar Ligament: hard, directly below the knee cap
22
Q

Leg Surface Anatomy: posterior view

A
  • Popliteal Fossa: back of the knee
  • Tendon of Biceps Femoris Muscle: tendon you can feel on the lateral side of the fossa
  • Tendon of the Semi-Membranosus Muscle: tendon you can feel on the medial side of the fossa