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Gross Anatomy > Mod 2: Lecture 3 - Arm, Elbow and Cubital Region > Flashcards

Mod 2: Lecture 3 - Arm, Elbow and Cubital Region Flashcards

1
Q

Cubital means

A

elbow

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2
Q

Distal Humerus

A
  • Condyles: articulating surfaces
  • — Capitulum: articulates with the radius
  • — Trochlea: articulates with the ulna
  • Epicondyles
  • — Two: Medial and Lateral
  • — primarily sites of muscle attachment
  • Fossae
  • — Three: radial, coronoid, olecranon
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3
Q

Radius and Ulna

  1. proximal ends
  2. distal ends
A
    • both articulate with the distal humerus
      - ulna is longer proximally
      - end of ulna is much bigger, has a hook
      - end of radius is a flat little cap
    • radius is longer distally
      - radius has a slanted triangular end
      - ulna has a little bumpy end
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4
Q

Radius and Ulna

  1. rotation
  2. joined by
A
    • radius rotates around the ulna
      - — supination and pronation
    • they are joined by interosseus membrane
      - — syndesmosis joint
      - proximal and distal radial-ulnar joints
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5
Q

Features of the Radius

A
  1. Head: little flat cap
  2. Neck: short, skinny area under the head
  3. Radial Tuberosity: bump right under the neck, site of biceps attachment
  4. Shaft of Radius
  5. Styloid Process: the tip of the triangular distal end, pointed projection
  6. Ulnar notch: the tip of the other side of the distal radius, where the radius meets the ulna
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6
Q

Features of the Ulna

A
  1. Olecranon Process
  2. Trochlear (Semilunar) Notch
  3. Coronoid Process
  4. Tuberosity
  5. Radial Notch
  6. Shaft of Ulna
  7. Head of Ulna
  8. Styloid Process
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7
Q

Features of the Ulna:

  1. Olecranon Process
  2. Trochlear Notch
  3. Coronoid Process
A
  1. the superior tip of the hook at the proximal end
  2. the inside curve of the hook, where the ulna joins the trochlea of the humerus
  3. the inferior tip of the hook at the proximal end
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8
Q

Features of the Ulna:

  1. Tuberosity
  2. Radial Notch
A
  1. a bump a little below the hook on the same side as it, site of attachment for the brachialis muscle
  2. bump on the lateral side (in anatomical position), right underneath the hook, where the radius meets the ulna on the proximal ends
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9
Q

Features of the Ulna:

  1. Shaft
  2. Head
  3. Styloid Process
A
  1. the long middle part
  2. the distal end
  3. the little pointy bump off of the distal end
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10
Q

Articulations

A
  • Three which share a joint capsule
  • — Humeroulnar
  • — Humeroradial
  • — Proximal Radioulnar
  • Distal Radioulnar
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11
Q
  1. Humeroulnar Joint
  2. Humeroradial Joint
  3. Proximal Radioulnar
A
  • these three share a joint capsule
    1. - Hinge
  • Flexion/Extension of the elbow
  • medial side
    2. - Modified hinge
  • flexion/extension
  • supination/pronation - some spinning of radial head
  • lateral side
    3. - Pivot
  • supination/pronation
  • between the radius and ulna on the proximal ends
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12
Q

Distal Radioulnar

A
  • Pivot
  • supination/pronation
  • between the radius and ulna on the distal ends
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13
Q

Arthrokinematics of the Elbow

  1. In extension…
  2. In flexion…
A
  1. the olecranon process is in close approximation to the distal humerus in the olecranon fossa
  2. the olecranon process pulls away from the distal humerus, as the coronoid process and radius approach their respective fossae
    - – the radius and coronoid process get closer to the the humerus
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14
Q

Arthrokinematics: supination/pronation

A
  • Supination occurs as the radial head spins on the capitulum of the humerus
  • the radius rotates around the ulna
  • the radius is the only bone that moves, the ulna is fixed
  • includes these joints:
  • — humeroradial
  • — proximal and distal radioulnar
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15
Q

Supporting Structures: Elbow Region - Annular Ligament

A
  • Encircles the head of the radius
  • — forms 4/5 of a circle
  • — the radial notch of the ulna forms the other 1/5
  • Attaches to the margins of the radial notch
  • Holds the head of the radius against the ulna
  • Protects against the distal dislocation of the radius
  • — holds the radius up so it stays in its place at the joint
  • — distal dislocation is down toward the wrist
  • Stabilizes the proximal radioulnar joint
  • — holds the radius to the ulna
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16
Q

Supporting Structures: Lateral Collateral Ligament

A
  • From the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the annular ligament of the radius
  • Protects against varus (medial) deviation of the forearm
  • taut in full extension
17
Q

Supporting Structures: Medial Collateral Ligament

A
  • From the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon process of the ulna
  • Protects against valgus (lateral) deviation of the forearm
  • Posterior fibers taut in flexion
  • Transverse (oblique) fibers from olecranon to coronoid process deepen socket for trochlea
18
Q

Muscles Acting on the Elbow: Flexion/Extension

A
  • Anterior Compartment:
  • — Biceps Brachii
  • — Brachialis
  • — Nerve: Musculocutaneous
  • Posterior Compartment:
  • — Triceps Brachii
  • — Anconeus
  • — Brachioradialis
  • — Nerve: Radial
19
Q

Biceps Brachii

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
    • both heads: radius via bicipital aponeurosis
      - short head: coracoid process of the scapula
      - long head: supraglenoid tubercle
    • flexes elbow (flex humerus)
      - supinates the forearm
  3. musculocutaneous nerve
20
Q

Brachialis

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
  • deep to the biceps muscle
    1. - distal, anterior humerus
  • coronoid process of the ulna
    2. flexes the forearm
    3. musculocutaneous nerve
21
Q

Triceps Brachii

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
    • all heads: olecranon of the ulna
      - long head: infraglenoid tubercle
      - lateral head: posterior superior humerus
      - medial head (deep): posterior inferior humerus
  2. extend elbow (LH-ext in shoulder)
  3. radial nerve
22
Q

Anoconeus

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
    • lateral epicondyle of humerus
      - olecranon of ulna
  2. extends the forearm and aids in pronation of the forearm
  3. radial nerve
23
Q

Brachioradialis

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
    • lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus
      - lateral, distal radius
  2. flexes elbow
  3. radial nerve
    - originates in the posterior compartment and shares the innervation of the posterior compartment, but rotates to the front of the muscle so its action is similar to the muscles of the anterior compartment
24
Q

Muscles Acting on the Radioulnar Joints

A
  • Supinators
  • — Supinator Muscle
  • — Biceps Brachii
  • Pronators
  • — Pronator Teres
  • — Pronator Quadratus
25
Q

Supinator Muscle

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
    • lateral epicondyle of humerus, crest of ulna
      - anterior, lateral, and posterior surface of radius
  2. supinates the forearm
  3. radial nerve
26
Q

Pronator Teres

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
    • coronoid process and medial epicondyle
      - lateral surface of radius
  2. pronates and flexes the forearm
  3. median nerve
27
Q

Cubital Fossa

A
  • triangular hollow area on the anterior aspect of the elbow
28
Q

Boundaries of the Cubital Fossa

A
  • superiorly: an imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles
  • medially: pronator teres
  • laterally: brachioradialis
29
Q

Cubital Fossa:

  1. Floor
  2. Roof
A
  1. formed by the brachialis and supinator

2. formed by deep fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin of the anterior elbow

30
Q

Contents of the Cubital Fossa

A
  • terminal part of the brachial artery
  • (deep) accompanying veins of the arteries
  • biceps brachii tendon
  • median nerve

Gross Anatomy (14 decks)

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