Flashcards in Mod 5 Chest and Abdominal Trauma Deck (29):
1
Flail chest
-Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of fractured segment
2
Paradoxical motion
-Movement of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity
3
Patient care for flail chest
-Perform primary assessment
-Administer O2
-If breathing inadequately assist with ventilation's
-Some systems allow use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.
-Monitor the patient carefully
-Watch respiratory rate and depth
4
Open chest wound
-Not only is skin broken but chest wall is penetrated for example by a bullet or knife blade
5
Sucking chest wound
-An open chest wound in which air is sucked into chest cavity.
6
Signs of sucking chest wound
-Patient has wound in chest
-May or may not be sucking sound associated with open chest wound
-May be gasping for air
7
Patient care for open chest wound
-Maintain open airway
-Seal the open chest wound as quickly as possible
-Apply occlusive dressing at least 2 inches wider than wound.
-Administer O2
-Care for shock
-Transport as soon as possible
-Consider advanced life support if it will not delay the patients arrival at hospital.
8
Flutter valve and occlusive dressing
-Sealing plastic on all sides except for one corner
-On inspiration dressing seals wound preventing air entry
-On expiration allows air to escape through untapped section of dressing
9
Asherman chest seal
-Includes one way valve in the design
10
Pneumothorax
-Occurs when air enters the chest cavity possibly causing collapse of a lung
11
Tension pneumothorax
-A type of pneumothorax in which air that enters chest cavity is prevented from escaping
12
Hemothorax
-When the chest cavity fills with blood
-Can be caused when lacerations within chest cavity are produced by penetrating objects or fractured ribs
13
Hemopneumothorax
-Chest cavity fills with both blood and air
14
Traumatic asphyxia
-Associated with sudden compression of the chest.
-Sternum and ribs exert severe pressure on heart and lungs forcing blood out of the right atrium and up into the jugular veins in the neck.
15
Cardiac Tamponade
-When an injury to the heart causes blood to flow into the the surrounding pericardial sac.
16
Aortic injury and dissection
-Damage to the aorta the largest artery in the body.
-Damage to the aorta can cause fatal bleeding.
17
Commotio cordis
-When a patient is hit in the center of the chest causing ventricular fibrillation. Or an uneven pumping of the heart resulting in a cardiac arrest.
18
Signs of a pneumothorax
-Respiratory difficulty
-Uneven chest wall movement
-Reduction of breath sounds on the affected side of chest
-Increase in respiratory difficulty
-Developing shock, rapid or weak pulse and low blood pressure due to decreased cardiac output
-Distended neck veins
-Tracheal deviation to uninjured side
-Reduced or absent breath sounds on affected side of chest
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Signs of a hemothorax
-Signs of a pneumothorax plus coughed up red frothy blood
20
Signs of traumatic asphyxia
-Distended neck veins
-Head, neck, and shoulders appearing dark blue or purple
-Bloodshot and bulging eyes
-Swollen and blue tongue and lips
-Chest deformity
21
Signs of a cardiac tamponade
-Distended neck veins
-Very weak pulse
-Low blood pressure
-Steadily decreasing pulse pressure
22
Signs of aortic injury or dissection
-Tearing chest pain radiating to back
-Differences in pulse or blood pressure between right and left extremities or between arms and legs
-Palpable pulsating mass
-Cardiac arrest
23
Patient care for injuries to chest cavity
-Maintain an open airway. Be prepared to apply suction
-Administer O2
-Follow local protocols as to the preferred type of dressing for any open wound.
-Care for shock
-Transport as soon as possible
-Consider ALS intercept if it will not delay patients arrival at hospital.
24
Evisceration and most commonly injured organs
-An intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen
-The liver and spleen is the most commonly injured organ
25
What is VIPS
-Vital Signs
-Interventions
-Primary assessment
-Secondary assessment
26
What is SMOBD
-Sterile
-Moist
-Occlusive
-Bulky
-Dressing
27
Common signs of abdominal injury
-Pain starting as mild pain then rapidly intolerable
-Cramps
-Nausea
-Weakness
-Thirst
-Obvious lacerations and punctures to abdomen, pelvis, and middle and lower back or chest wounds near diaphragm
-Indications of blunt trauma
-Indications of shock
-Coughing up or vomiting blood
-Rigid or tender abdomen
-Distended abdomen
28
Abdominal injury care (open and closed)
-Stay alerted for vomiting, keep open airway
-Place patient on back legs flexed
-Administer O2
-Care for shock
-Give nothing by mouth
-Monitor vital signs constantly
-Transport as soon as possible
-Control external bleeding
-Do not touch eviscerated, or exposed organs. Apply SMOBD
-Do not removed any impaled objects.
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