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earth sci > models/theories > Flashcards

models/theories Flashcards

1
Q

representation of ideas, an object or processes that is used to describe and explain phenomena that cannot be explained directly

A

models

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2
Q

describes how God brings the Universe into being in a series of creative acts over six days

A

Theory of Divine Creation

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3
Q

describes the universe as an oscillating universe

A

Hindu text Rigveda

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4
Q

cosmic egg that contains the whole universe

A

Brahmanda

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5
Q

he believed in primordial universe

A

Anaxagoras

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6
Q

they believed in an atomic universe

A

Leucippus and Democretus

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7
Q

they proposed a geocentric universe

A

Aristotle and Ptolemy

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8
Q

he made the theory of heliocentrism in 1543

A

Nicolas Copernicus

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9
Q

he suggested that the solar system is not in the center of the universe

A

Giordano Bruno

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10
Q

he described the universe as static, steady-state, infinite

A

Sir Isaac Newton

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11
Q

true or false: matter on the large scale is uniformly distributed, and the universe is gravitationally balance but essentially unstable

A

true

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12
Q

he outlined a Cartesian vortex model of the universe with many characteristics of Newton’s idea

A

Rene Descartes

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13
Q

a system of huge swirling whirlpools of fine matter

A

gravitational effects

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14
Q

he added a cosmological constant to Newton’s static and dynamically-stable universe

A

Albert Einstein

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15
Q

cosmological constant

A

gravity

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16
Q

he showed that the universe was not static

A

Edwin Hubble

17
Q

this theory starts with the universe as a small singularity that inflated over the next 13.8 billion years to the modern cosmos

A

big bang theory

18
Q

they demonstrated the continuously expanding universe through the observations of galactic redshifts

A

Edouard Lemaitre & Edwin Hubble

19
Q

redshift

A

moving AWAY from the source

20
Q

blueshift

A

moving TOWARDS the source

21
Q

they discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation

A

Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson

22
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY: the universe was extremely hot that matter did not exist.

A

1st

23
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY:
four fundamental forces were formed… gravity, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear forces, and weak nuclear forces

A

2nd

24
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY: universe continually expanded and began to cool down, allowing protons and neutrons to fuse and form hydrogen and helium

A

3rd

25
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY: temperature became cool enough for hydrogen and helium atoms to form

A

4th

26
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY: photons escape and light existed for the very first time

A

5th

27
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY: stars and galaxies began to form because of the joining of hydrogen and helium with the aid of gravity

A

6th

28
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY: transition from light to heavier elements

A

7th

29
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY: formation of solid particles as the nebula

A

8th

30
Q

IDENTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF THIS EVENT IN THE BIG BANG THEORY: nebula form the star system and planets known today

A

9th

31
Q

author of the oscillating universe which follows the equations of the theory of relativity with positive curvature

A

Albert Einstein

32
Q

authors of steady state theory

A

fred hoyle and hermann bondi

33
Q

it predicted that a universe expanded but did not change its density-matter

A

steady state theory

34
Q

author of inflationary universe and proposed model of universe based on big bang

A

Alan Guth

35
Q

author of multiverse

A

Andrei Linde

earth sci (5 decks)

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