Modern India 2024 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Who implemented the Permanent Settlement of Land Revenue in India?
Lord Cornwallis
Under the Permanent Settlement, who became the landowners?
Zamindars
What percentage of land revenue did Zamindars have to pay to the British?
89%
What was the duration for which land revenue was fixed under the Permanent Settlement?
Ten years
What rights did Zamindars have under the Permanent Settlement?
Hereditary rights of succession and the right to sell or transfer land
What would happen if a Zamindar failed to pay the fixed revenue on time?
Their rights would cease to exist and the land would be auctioned off
What was the tax rate percentage for the government and Zamindar under the Permanent Settlement?
10/11th for government and 1/10th for Zamindar
What document did the Zamindar have to provide to the tenant?
Patta
Who introduced the Ryotwari Settlement?
Thomas Munro and Captain Alexander Read
In which region was the Ryotwari Settlement primarily implemented?
Madras Presidency
How was land classified under the Ryotwari Settlement?
Based on soil quality and irrigation facilities
What was the responsibility of Ryots under the Ryotwari Settlement?
Directly paying the fixed revenue to the government
What provisions were included in the Ryotwari Settlement?
Revenue reductions or exemptions for natural calamities or crop failures
What was the Mahalwari system?
A modified version of the Zamindari system focusing on village-level revenue collection
Who was responsible for collecting revenue in the Mahalwari system?
Village headman
What was the demand for land revenue in the Mahalwari system?
Two-thirds of total produce
How long was the settlement made for in the Mahalwari system?
30 years
In which year was the Mahalwari system introduced?
1819
Who reviewed the Mahalwari system under Lord William Bentinck?
Holt Mackenzie
