Module 0.4

Question 1

Correlation

Answer 1

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus how well either factor predicts the other
NOTE: Correlation does NOT equal Causation.

Question 2

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 2

A statistical index of the relationship between two variables (from -1.00 to + 1.00)

Question 3

Variable

Answer 3

Anything that can vary and is feasible and ethical to measure. VARY able.

Question 4

Scatterplot

Answer 4

A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the directions of the two variables. The amount of scatter expresses the strength of the correlation. (little scatter = higher correlation)

Question 5

Illusory Correlation

Answer 5

Perceiving a relationship where none exists, or perceiving a stronger-than-actual relationship AKA delulu.

Question 6

Regression Towards the Mean

Answer 6

The tendency for extreme or unusual scores or events to fall back (regress) towards the average. Ex: the Bears having a really good game than reverting to there ‘typical’ gameplay

Question 7

Experiment

Answer 7

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable) by random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.
Ex: “What Would You Do?”

Question 8

Experimental Group

Answer 8

In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment - that is, to one version of the independent variable

Question 9

Control Group

Answer 9

In an experiment, the group NOT exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group & serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

Question 10

Random Assignment

Answer 10

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the differences between the different groups.

Question 11

Single - Blind Procedure

Answer 11

An experimental procedure in which the research participants are unaware of whether or not they have received the treatment or the placebo

Question 12

Double - Blind Procedure

Answer 12

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants & the research stff are unaware of whether the participants have received the placebo or the treatment. Commonly, used in drug - evaluation studies

Question 13

Placebo

Answer 13

Latin for “ I shall please”
Ex: “Placebo effect” show

Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.

Question 14

Independent Variable

Answer 14

Is an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

Question 15

Confounding Variable

Answer 15

In an experiment, a factor other than the factor being studied that may influence a study’s results

Question 16

Experimenter’s Bias

Answer 16

Bias is caused when researchers may unintentionally influence results to confirm their own beliefs.

Question 17

Dependent Variable

Answer 17

In an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated

Question 18

Validity

Answer 18

The extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Ex: Is it valid? VALIDity = VALID