Module 05 Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
What approach is healthcare taking recently
A
- disease prevention
2
Q
Disease prevention
A
- aims to minimize the incidence of effects of disease
3
Q
When can preventative measures be applied?
A
- at any stage along the course of a disease
- goal is to prevent further progression
4
Q
What are the 4 stages of prevention?
A
- primordial prevention
- primary prevention
- secondary prevention
- tertiary prevention
5
Q
Primordial prevention
A
- Aims to prevent the development of risk factors of diseases by targeting the underlying environmental and social conditions that might promote them
6
Q
Primary prevention
A
- Identification and modification of risk factors (risk reduction) to prevent onset of disease
7
Q
Secondary prevention
A
- Early detection and treatment of disease before symptoms appear
8
Q
Tertiary Prevention
A
- Treatment of disease to stop its progression and control its negative consequences
9
Q
What does Primordial prevention target?
A
- underlying health determinants by modifying social policies to improve the health of a population
10
Q
give an example of primordial prevention
A
Promoting healthy lifestyles by establishing safe sidewalks
11
Q
what does primary prevention target?
A
- susceptible individuals and attempts to prevent disease development.
- exposures and risk factors for specific diseases as well as ways to increase immunity
12
Q
give an example of primary prevention
A
- getting vaccinated
13
Q
what does secondary prevention involve
A
- early detection and treatment for disease
14
Q
give an example of secondary prevention
A
- Regular mammograms to detect and treat breast cancer, regular pap tests to detect and treat cervical cancer
15
Q
what does tertiary prevention help with
A
- reduce the impact of the disease on the patients function, survival and quality of life
16
Q
give an example of tertiary prevention
A
- Patients that have had a myocardial infraction having cardiac rehabilitation, and regular check-ups afterwards
17
Q
at what level are primordial prevention/reduction strategies
A
- social and environmental changes for the entire population
18
Q
How are primordial changes accomplished
A
- policy and law changes
19
Q
What type of approach is health promotion
A
- a comprehensive approach to helping people obtain their maximum achievable health status
20
Q
What does health promotion promote
A
- skill development and healthy habits
21
Q
What is identification risk?
A
- Susceptible to a risk factor and intervening to reduce the development of that risk is one effective approach to health promotion
22
Q
what is an example of identification risk
A
-Preventing the likelihood of children developing smoking habits by advising parents to quit smoking, and providing the parents with smoking cessation programs
23
Q
What did the Ottawa charter of health promotion call for?
A
- to facilitate health promotion
24
Q
What are the actions to facilitate health promotion under the Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion
A
- Build healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments
- Strengthen community actions
- Develop personal skills
- Reorient health services
25
What does the Ottawa charter of health promotion highlight?
- the importance of advocacy through all stages of health promotion
26
What is the Social Ecological Model
- theory based on framework for understanding multifaceted and interactive effects
27
What are the levels of the social ecological model (SEM)
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Community/Institution
- Public policy
28
What does the public policy barriers of the SEM involve
-broad, structural factors local, state, and federal policies, that enable or hinder an individuals ability to take control over their health
29
What does the community/institution barriers of the SEM involve
- social and physical environments and settings individuals engage with daily, including schools, workplaces, neighbourhoods, and healthcare facilities
30
What does the interpersonal barriers of the SEM involve
- social relationships, including those with friends, family, peers, partners and coworkers influence an individuals behaviour
31
What does the intrapersonal barriers of the SEM involve
- Barriers are mostly situated within the control of an individual
- Some of the factors related to this level include knowledge, attitudes, skills, self-efficacy, motivation, age an socioeconomic status
32
What do the models of behaviour change do?
- Provide guidance about how to overcome barriers to health behaviour change
33
What is the most widely used theories of health behaviour change
- health belief model
34
What does the health Belief model suggest
- individuals beliefs about various health facets of a problem can impact / explain health behaviours
35
What is perceived seriousness
- Persons subjective perception of a disease or illness, including the medical and social consequences
36
what is perceived susceptibility
- Persons subjective perception of their risk of acquiring a disease or illness
37
what is perceived benefits
- persons perception of the effectiveness of a behaviour in reducing the risk of of disease
38
what is perceived barriers
- person's perception of the obstacles to adopting a healthy behaviour, which are weighed against benefits
39
what is self-efficacy
- level of a person’s confidence In their ability to successfully carry out a health behaviour change
40
what is cue to action
- specific triggers, both external and internal, needed to prompt the decision-making process to engage in a specific health behaviour change
41
What are the stages of the transtheoretical model
1. pre contemplation
2. contemplation
3. preparation
4. action
5. maintenance
6. relapse
42
Explain the precontemplation stage
- unaware of the need to change
- uniformed about the consequences of their behaviour
43
Explain the contemplation stage
- ‘getting ready’ stage
- ambivalent or ‘behavioral procrastinators’
44
Explain the preparation stage
- motivation and a plan of action
- Some steps have been taken to change their behaviour
45
explain the action stage
- actively trying to modify their lifestyle and want to succeed
46
explain the maintenance stage
- sustained their behaviour change for at least 6 months and work towards preventing relapses to previous stages
47
Explain the relapse stage
- abandoned the idea of changing due to difficulty in maintaining their new behaviour ‘
48
What are the three levels of health promotion
- individual
- peer or group
- Population level
49
What is individual level health promotion
- one-on-one interactions
- individualized information and knowledge to be transferred
50
give an example of individual level health promotion
- Discussing strategies for smoking cessation
- condoms
51
What is peer or group level health promotion
- includes small groups, institutions, or entire communities, and can occur in many spaces, such as classrooms, theatre groups, or even on field trips
52
when is peer or group level health promotion suitable
- social interaction is helpful
53
give examples of peer or group level health promotion
- Prenatal classes
- Sports activities and rec programs
54
explain population level health promotion - legislation, regulation of policy
- change environments
- sets the community standard for behaviour
55
explain population level health promotion - social marketing
- relies on ‘selling’ health like businesses that sell products
- Often this approach can influence acceptability of social norms and attitudes
56
What is the Prince George centre for the north
- BC cancer that is combining traditional and western medicine
57
what is the aim of BC Cancer - Prince George centre for the north
- to improve the healthcare and health experiences of indigenous peoples
58
What has BC - Cancer provided
- people living in the North to receive treatment closer to home and also provide telehealth services
59
What strategies have BC - Cancer implemented to combine western and traditional medicines
- Aboriginal care coordinator
- healing garden
60
what approach should indigenous health promotion take
- holistic and community-based approach
61
what does indigenous voices in health promotion require
- research perspectives
62
suicide prevention health promotion for indigenous populations
- amplifying voices
63
what does health promotion in practice focus on?
- encouraging people to improve their health
- increase frequency of healthy behaviours
- reduce or eliminate unhealthy behaviours
64
What is Obama
- an intervention that increases the frequency of healthy behaviours during pregnancy
65
what does effective health promotion rely on
- interventions which help individuals replace unhealthy behaviours in a sustainable way
66
what is the "unsmoked" program
- initiative set by the Canadian government that aims to reduce tobacco use in Canada to only 5% of the population by 2035
67
what was Ontarios 2009 movement "becoming tobacco--wise"
- a resolution for first nations to become tobacco-free
- this resolution was only related to non-traditional commercial use of tobacco
68
What is the sacred smoke program?
- Initiative that was developed to support and promote being Tobacco-Wise in two communities: Batchewana First Nation and Garden River First Nation
69
explain the sacred smoke program
- cessation program involved both western medicine nicotine replacement therapies and support groups in conjunction with traditional Anishinaabe medicine and cultural resources
70
What are the stages of prevention
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
71
What is primary prevention
- Identification and modification of risk factors (risk reduction) to prevent onset of disease
72
What is the aim of primary prevention
- prevent occurrences of diseases
73
What is secondary prevention?
- early detection and treatment of disease before symptoms appear
74
what is the aim of secondary prevention
- to stop the progression of the disease, or to either cure, prevent complications and death or to stop or limit spread of disease
75
what is the disease stage in secondary prevention
- subclinical or early clinical, pathological changes but not sign or symptoms
76
what is tertiary prevention
- Treatment of disease to stop its progression and control its negative consequences
77
What Is the aim of tertiary prevention
- to limit disability, prevent relapse, and restore function
78
HPV Primary prevention
- federally funded vaccines for females (and males too now)
79
secondary prevention of cervical cancer
- screening (Pap smears)
80
Tertiary prevention for Parkinson's disease
- involves treatment and control of disease as it is caused by a combination of genetic mutations (hereditary & environmental factors)
81
give an example of primordial prevention
Sanitation
82
give an example of primary prevention
- tooth brushing
83
give an example of secondary prevention
- blood sugar testing
84
give an example of tertiary prevention
- stroke rehab
85
what is the aim of health interventions
- to address a health need or gap within a given population
86
What are the 3 main criteria that health intervention are developed around
- target
- action
- means (the processes and methods by which the action is carried out)
87
what are the steps to develop and intervention
1. identify / assess the level of the problem
2. develop a solution to the problem
3. describe the action plan for the intervention
4. assess the potential impact
88
What is quaternary prevention defined as
- action taken to identify patients at risk of overmedicalization
89
why is quaternary prevention important
- so that that doctors are conscious of the harm they may cause to their patients, even unintentionally
90
how are successful interventions created
- from effective collaboration between people, departments, and disciplines
91
what are some problematic attitudes when providing aid and preforming interventions
- Paternalistic and patronizing attitudes
92
What is the issue with paternalistic and patronizing attitudes in interventions
- These attitudes are often found in the white saviour complex, and it serves to build a helpless and demeaning image of marginalized and vulnerable communities, which further disempowers then
93
what is the most important aspect of providing aid
- involves listening to the community one is working with
- further work in complete collaboration with them
