Module 1

Question 1

is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses

Answer 1

Psychiatry

Question 2

Psychology vs Psychiatry

Answer 2

Psychology- Focus on normal functioning

Psychiatry- Medical orientation
- Focus is mental illness or abnormality

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of psychiatry?

Answer 3

1. Diagnosis -To define and recognize illnesses
2. Treatment -To identify methods for treating them
3. Research - To develop methods for discovering their causes and implementing preventive measures

Question 4

The brain controls

Answer 4

Thinking
Feeling
Behaving

Question 5

Neuroscientific tools help us understand brain anatomy, brain chemistry, and neurophysiology.

Answer 5

• Computerized Tomography scan
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Positive Emission Tomograph

Question 6

asserts that the state of health a person is a result of the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors.

Answer 6

Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease

Question 7

• The traditional model
• Disease are caused by one or a chain of biochemical and physiological changes that can ultimately be identified and measured

Answer 7

Biomedical Model of Disease

Question 8

Health is the product of the interactions among biological, psychological and social factors

Answer 8

Biopsychosocial Model of health and diseas

Question 9

What are these subsystems that interact?

Answer 9

1. Biological
–Genetic
–Neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and psychopharmacological
–Biological rhythms
2. Psychological
–Conflicts
–Defense mechanisms
–Relationships
–Self-esteem
3. Social
–Culture
–Religion
–Socio-economic status

Question 10

is the theoretical basis of the biopsychosocial model

Answer 10

Systems theory

Question 11

• A theory of personality which states that much of our behavior is governed by unconscious forces.
• Founded by Sigmund Freud

Answer 11

Psychoanalysis

Question 12

The Structure of the Mind

Answer 12

1. Conscious –…we are aware of
   – facts about yourself
   –I don’t like this movie star.
2. Preconscious - …sometimes aware of, sometimes not
   –some dark feelings in the past
   –I think it may be his mustache.
3. Unconscious - …not at all aware of
   –some dark feelings about some persons
   –I don’t know why. (He probably reminds you of your father who you do not like.)

Question 13

What is the unconscious composed of?

Answer 13

1. Feelings we don’t understand
   –Inordinate anger
   –I get so angry when my boyfriend cannot give me attention. I don’t know why.
2. Fears we don’t understand.
   –Phobias
   –I’m scared of spiders. I don’t know why.
3. Beliefs we are not aware of.
   –False beliefs
   –Racial prejudice
4. Acts we are not aware of.
   –Sabotaging self
   –I fell asleep the night before the exams.

Question 14

Proofs that the unconscious exists

Answer 14

• We are unaware of our motives.

- We cannot describe them in words but we express them in: Dreams, slips of the tongue and self-destructive behaviors

Question 15

• Sexual or pleasure-seeking force

- Destructive or death-seeking force

Answer 15

Instinctual forces

Question 16

• Are unconscious mental operations deployed to deal with anxiety.
• Are unconscious
• Can be mature or immature
• Immature defenses are seen in early stages of life; mature defenses are seen in later stages of life

Answer 16

Defense Mechanism

Question 17

Psychosexual stages

Answer 17

1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital

Question 18

Psychosexual stages

Answer 18

1. Oral - 0-18 months
2. Anal - 12 months to 3 years
3. Phallic - 3 years to 6 years
4. Latency - 6 years to puberty
5. Genital - Puberty to adulthood

Question 19

–Birth to 18 months
–Mouth
–feeding

Developmental Task
–Satisfaction of dependency needs;
–Development of trusting relationships

Answer 19

Oral stage

Question 20

–Age: 18 months to 3 years
–Anus
–Bowel movement

Developmental Task
–Autonomy and control of own body

Answer 20

Anal stage

Question 21

• 3-4 to 5-6 years
  –Genitals
  –Observation of difference between the sexes

Developmental task
–Appreciating gender differences
–development of sexual identity

Answer 21

Phallic stage

Question 22

• 5-6 to puberty
  –Increased socialization

Developmental Task
–Control of sexual and aggressive forces through sublimation and peer relationships

Answer 22

Latency stage

Question 23

–Puberty into adulthood
–Sexual function

Developmental Task
–Establishment of personal identity

Answer 23

Genital stage

Question 24

–Exclusion from consciousness of impulses, emotions, or memories that would otherwise cause distress

Example: Painful memories, such as sexual abuse are kept out of awareness

Answer 24

Repression

Question 25

–Adoption of behavior opposite to behavior that would truly reflect true feelings or intentions Example: Prudish attitudes to sex as a reaction to unacceptable sexual urges

Answer 25

Reaction formation

Question 26

- Inferred when a person behaves as if unaware of something that he may reasonably be accepted to know Example: Someone with cancer … to live normally as if …

Answer 26

Denial

Question 27

- Provision of a false but acceptable explanation for behavior that has a less acceptable origin Example: A husband may leave his wife at home because…

Answer 27

Rationalization

Question 28

- Transfer of emotion from a person, object or situation which is properly associated with another source Example: After the recent death of his wife, a man may blame the doctor for her death…

Answer 28

Displacement

Question 29

–Diversion of unacceptable impulses to more acceptable outlets Example: Turning the need to dominate others into organization of good works for charity

Answer 29

Sublimation

Question 30

–Attribution to another person of thoughts or feelings similar to one’s own, thereby rendering one’s own thoughts and feelings more acceptable Example: A person who dislikes a colleague may attribute reciprocal feelings of dislike to him…

Answer 30

Projection

Question 31

–Adoption of the characteristics or activities of another person, often to reduce the pain of separation or loss Example: A widow may undertake volunteer work that her husband used to do

Answer 31

Identification

Question 32

–Adoption of behavior appropriate to an earlier stage of development Example: Dependence on others

Answer 32

Regression

Question 33

Defenses in Psychosexual Stages

Answer 33

1. Oral - Repression, regression, denial 2. Anal - Reaction-formation 3. Phallic - Displacement, reaction formation 4. Latency - Sublimation, rationalization 5. Genital - Sublimation, identification

Question 34

Leads to: Fear of abandonment, lack of trust Adult problem: Overeating, Alcoholism, Suspicious

Answer 34

Trauma in early childhood: child abuse

Question 35

Trauma in anal stage leads to

Answer 35

obsessive-compulsive behavior

Question 36

Trauma in the oral stage leads to

Answer 36

eating disorders, substance abuse and paranoia

Question 37

Trauma in phallic stage leads to

Answer 37

problems in sexual functioning

Question 38

Trauma in latency stage leads to

Answer 38

poor interpersonal relations

Question 39

Trauma in genital stage leads to

Answer 39

problems in sexual orientation

Question 40

A model of personality that states that the interplay of learning and experience determines development. –Our beliefs determine our emotional response to information. –Beliefs guide our actions. –False beliefs about the self, others and the world cause mental health problems and mental illness.

Answer 40

Cognitive-Behavioural Theory

Question 41

–A first year med student wants to try zip-lining. As he waits his turn in the queue, he thinks: -Even if there is the remotest chance of something bad happening, I must protect myself. So… Feeling? Action?

Answer 41

Over-estimating risk

Question 42

–A first year med student is being asked by her best friend to be the emcee at the friend’s wedding reception. She wants to try but… - If I don’t do it perfectly, then I’ve done it horribly. So… Feeling? Action?

Answer 42

All or None

Question 43

A first year med student scratched his arm against the wall of his classroom in San Beda. He had just learned of HIV. -An open sore on my arm means… AIDS. So… Feeling? Action?

Answer 43

Catastrophizing

Question 44

- A big part of our personality is unsconscious. - We use defense mechanisms unconsciously. - Problems in childhood lead to problems in adulthood.

Answer 44

Psychoanalysis

Question 45

- Early childhood experiences form our beliefs - Problems in childhood can lead to false beliefs - The resulting false beliefs lead to further false beliefs.

Answer 45

Cognitive Behavioral Theory