MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF INORG CHEM Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
the SCIENCE THAT DESCRIBES MATTER
A
CHEMISTRY
2
Q
THE CENTRAL SCIENCE
A
CHEMISTRY
3
Q
hydrocarbons & its derivatives
A
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
4
Q
inorganic compounds, metals, minerals
A
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5
Q
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION of substances present (qualitative analysis) o amount of each substance (quantitative analysis)
A
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY / MEASUREMENT SCIENCE
6
Q
processes in living organisms
A
BIOCHEMISTRY
7
Q
behavior of matter
A
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
8
Q
anything that HAS MASS AND OCCUPIES SPACE
A
MATTER
9
Q
measure of the QUANTITY OF MATTER
A
MASS
10
Q
AMOUNT OF SPACE
A
VOLUME
11
Q
the CAPACITY TO DO WORK or TO TRANSFER HEAT
A
ENERGY
12
Q
not considered as matter but considered as energy
A
light, sound, electricity & heat
13
Q
energy in MOTION
A
KINETIC ENERGY
14
Q
energy AT REST
A
POTENTIAL ENERGY
15
Q
release heat
A
EXOTHERMIC
16
Q
absorbs heat
A
ENDOTHERMIC
17
Q
- molecules PACKED CLOSE TOGETHER ORDERLY
- rigid
A
SOLID
18
Q
- molecules are CLOSE BUT RANDOMLY ARRANGED
- FLOWS and assumes shape of container
A
LIQUID
19
Q
- molecules are FAR APART
- fills any container completely
- highly compressible
- expands indefinitely
A
GAS
20
Q
solid to gas
A
SUBLIMATION
21
Q
gas to solid
A
DEPOSITION
22
Q
gas to liquid
A
CONDENSATION
23
Q
liquid to gas
A
BOILING
24
Q
liquid to solid
A
FREEZING
25
solid to liquid
MELTING
26
- CAN BE OBSERVED OR MEASURED without changing the identity of the substance
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
27
- exhibited by matter as it UNDERGOES CHANGES in composition
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
28
dependent on the amount of substance
EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
29
- INDEPENDENT on the amount of substance
INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
30
- ONE OR MORE SUBSTANCES are used up
- one or more new substances are formed,
- energy is absorbed or released
- IRREVERSIBLE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
31
- NO CHANGE in chemical composition
- REVERSIBLE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
32
- variable composition
- MAY BE SEPARATED into pure substances by physical methods
MIXTURE
33
- FIXED COMPOSITION
- CANNOT BE SEPARATED into simpler substances by physical methods
PURE SUBSTANCE
34
- COMPONENTS ARE NOT DISTINGUISHABLE
- have SAME COMPOSITION THROUGHOUT
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
35
- COMPONENTS ARE DISTINGUISHABLE
- do NOT have same composition throughout
HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE
36
- CAN BE DECOMPOSED INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCE by chemical changes
- consists of TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT elements bound together
COMPOUNDS
37
- CANNOT BE DECOMPOSED TO SIMPLER SUBSTANCE by chemical changes
- consists of ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM
ELEMENTS
38
MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENT
OXYGEN
39
most abundant element in universe
HYDROGEN
40
most abundant element in atmosphere
NITROGEN
41
the SMALLEST UNIT that retains the properties of an element
ATOM
42
all matter is composed of atoms and these cannot be made or destroyed
THEORY
DALTON'S THEORY
43
the NUMBER OF PROTONS in the nucleus of an atom DETERMINES ITS IDENTITY; this number is known as _________
ATOMIC NUMBER
44
the _______ of an atom is the SUM of the number of PROTONS and the number of NEUTRONS in its nucleus.
MASS NUMBER
45
MASS NUMBER FORMULA
ATOMIC + NEUTRON
46
- atoms of the SAME ELEMENT with DIFFERENT MASSES
- SAME number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT numbers of NEUTRONS
ISOTOPES
47
represents the composition of the nucleus
NUCLIDE SYMBOL
48
HOW TO GET NEUTRONS
MASS - ATOMIC NO.
48
49
same mass, different atomic no.
ISOBARS
50
same neutrons, different atomic no.
ISOTONES
51
iso means
SAME
52
the WEIGHTED AVERAGE of the masses of its isotopes
ATOMIC WEIGHT
53
greek word ATOMUS
uncuttable
54
atom as SOLID INDIVISIBLE SPHERE
LEUCIPPUS AND DEMOCRITUS
55
matter is made up of FOUR ELEMENTS
ARISTOTLE AND OTHERS
56
- SOLID SPHERE (BILLIARD BALL) MODEL
- atom as solid sphere but NOT INDIVISIBLE
- he believed that there are components inside an atom, pero ndi niya alam kung ano yon
JOHN DALTON
57
elements of a chemical compound are HELD TOGETHER BY ELECTRICAL FORCES
HUMPHRY DAVY
58
relationship between the AMOUNT OF ELECTRICITY USED in electrolysis and the AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL REACTION that occurs
MICHAEL FARADAY
59
Electrons -> electric ions
GEORGE STONEY
60
- CATHODE-RAY TUBE EXPERIMENT
- MOST CONVINCING EVIDENCE of electrons
- PLUM PUDDING MODEL
- like raisins on the bread; nakakalat ang atom
JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON
61
- OIL DROP EXPERIMENT
- determine the charge of electrons
ROBERT MILLIKAN
62
- SATURN LIKE MODEL
HANTARO NAGAOKA
63
CANAL RAYS EXPERIMENT
- cathode-ray tube also generates a STREAM OF POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES
- proves the existence of protons
EUGEN GOLDSTEIN
64
THE SCATTERING EXPERIMENT
- the particles PASSED THROUGH the foil with LITTLE TO NO deflection
- atoms consist of very small particles, very dense POSITIVELY CHARGED NUCLEI surrounded by clouds of electrons at relatively large distance from the nuclei
- HINDI NAKAKALAT ANG ATOMS
- protons sa center called nucleus
ERNEST RUTHERFORD
65
studies XRAYS given off by various elements
"the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its identity; this number is known as the atomic number of that element"
H.G.J. MOSLEY
66
- bombardment of beryllium with high-energy alpha-particles produced NEUTRONS
J. CHADWICK
67
described the electron of a hydrogen atom as REVOLVING AROUND ITS NUCLEUS in one of a discrete set of circular orbits (energy levels/subshell)
NEILS BOHR
68
- each orbit corresponds to a DEFINITE ENERGY LEVEL for the electron
BOHR'S PLANETARY MODEL
69
proposed the idea of WAVE-LIKE NATURE of electrons
- UNPREDICTABEL ang location ng electrons
LOUIS DE BROGLI
70
- NOT POSSIBLE to determine exact momentum and the exact potion at the same moment in time
- dahil raw wave-like motion ay halos imposible na malocate ang electrons
WERNER HEISENBERG'S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
71
it ESTIMATES POSITION of electrons and quantifies energy levels
sa kaniya, possible malaman ang location because of the wave equation
ERWIN SCHRODINGER'S WAVE EQUATION
72
a REGION OF SPACE in which the probability of finding an electron is HIGH
ATOMIC ORBITALS
73
ELECTRON CLOUD MODEL
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL
ERWIN SCHRODINGER
74
angular quantum number is also known as
AZIMUTHAL
75
specific orbital
orientation in space of the orbital
MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER
76
direction of spin
SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER
77
- distribution of electrons
- describes the arrangement of electrons in orbitals, subshells, shells in an atom
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
78
atom in ITS LOWEST ENERGY, OR UNEXCITED state
GROUND STATE
79
Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest
AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
80
NO MORE THAN TWO electrons can occupy each orbital, and if two electrons are present, they must have opposite spins.
PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
81
electrons are placed singly into the boxes before filling them with both electrons
a single electron will occupy an empty orbital first before pairing
HUND'S RULE
82
an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the LAST NOBLE GAS prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons.
NOBLE GAS CONFIGURATION
83
