Module 11 - Leaf

Question 1

Other term for leaf

Answer 1

Phyllome

Question 2

A flat, expanded, green organ that develops laterally at the node and originates from SAM. It has varying structures depending on the environment where it thrives. Its major functions are photosynthesis and transpiration.

Answer 2

Leaf

Question 3

Parts of the leaf

Answer 3

Blade, Petiole, and Stipule

Question 4

Parts of the blade

Answer 4

Apex, margin, veins, midrib, base

Question 5

Arrangement of Veins in a Leaf

Answer 5

Leaf Venation

Question 6

Two types of venation

Answer 6

Parallel - Veins are pinnately or longitudinally parallel (Monocots)

Netted - Veins are randomly arranged forming a complex network (Dicots)

Question 7

Leaf Arrangement on a Stem

Answer 7

Leaf Phyllotaxy

Question 8

Types of leaves

Answer 8

Simple- Single, undivided lamina

Compound- Lamina divided into many leaflets attached to a midvein

Question 9

Types of compound leaves

Answer 9

Pinnate - Fishbone like

Palmate - Attached at one common point “hand like” kaya palmate gets?

Question 10

small flaps of photosynthetic tissues that develop covering the branches

Answer 10

Enations

Question 11

possess a single, well-developed trace of vascular tissue in Lycophytes

Answer 11

Microphylls

Question 12

possess a single, well-developed trace of vascular tissue in Psilophytes

Answer 12

Prophylls

Question 13

has more than one vein in its blade and the leaf trace (the vein going into the leaf) is associated with a leaf gap in the stem as seen in Euphyllophytes.

Answer 13

Megaphylls

Question 14

T/F Enations and microphylls have leaf gaps

Answer 14

False. They do NOT

Question 15

A leaf gap appears occurs when________
That vascular tissue portion is called a _______.

Answer 15

part of the vascular tissue in the stem is diverted towards the leaf.

Such vascular tissue is called leaf trace.

Question 16

Nodal anatomy where leaf is
associated with 1 gap at a node

Answer 16

Unilacunar (Parang donut na hiniwaan mo ng onti)

Question 17

Nodal Anatomy where leaf is associated with 3 gaps at a node

Answer 17

Trilacunar (Parang yung donut hinwaan mo ng onti tas yung hiniwa mo, hiniwa mo pa lalo)

Question 18

Nodal anatomy where leaf is associated with more than 3 gaps at a node

Answer 18

Multilacunar (Parang hiniwaan mo ng madami yung donut)

Question 19

Leaves are formed in the _______.

Answer 19

Peripheral zone of the SAM

Question 20

Initiation of a leaf primordium is associated with an increase in ______.

Answer 20

the frequency of periclinal divisions at the initiation site.

Question 21

Immediate precursors of the leaf primordia

Answer 21

Founder Cells

Question 22

Sporangia is protected by a central umbrellalike structure called ______.

Answer 22

Indusium

Question 23

Each sporangium is surrounded by a strip of inflated of cells called?

Answer 23

Annulus

Question 24

*Closely associated with the vascular bundles
*Function: conduction of materials between the vascular bundle and the mesophyll.
*With 2 principal types of cells both in direct contact with the endodermis

Answer 24

Transfusion tissue

Question 25

Types of transfusion tissues

Answer 25

1. Transfusion tracheids - thick, lignified secondary walls with circular bordered pits
2. Transfusion parenchyma - produce tannin-like substances

Question 26

3 Axes of the Leaf

Answer 26

Adaxial-Abaxial
Proximodistal
Centrolateral

Question 27

palisade layer occurs adaxially, spongy layer
occurs abaxially - distribution of stomates is restricted to lower epidermis

vascular bundles are of different sizes and surrounded by

bundle sheaths made of a single layer of parenchyma cells

Answer 27

Dorsiventral Leaf

Question 28

has one mesophyll type (either palisade or spongy) on adaxial and abaxial sides

stomata distributed on both upper and lower epidermis

in the cross section, vascular bundles are of the same sizes and arranged in a transverse line

vascular bundles have bundle sheath that is 1-2 layers thick

Answer 28

isobilateral leaf

Question 29

a single epidermis is present around the leaf periphery and encloses the mesophyll

mesophyll may be of 1 or 2 types

stomata distributed on entire circumference of the leaf

vascular bundles are arranged in a ring or a line

Answer 29

Centric Leaf

Question 30

a specialized structure in C4 plants where the mesophyll cells are clustered around the bundle sheath in a ring-like fashion

number of chloroplasts in the bundle sheath cells is more than in the mesophyll cells

found in C4 plants (i.e. corn)

Answer 30

Kranz Anatomy

Question 31

Compare c3 vs c4 leaf anatomy

Answer 31

C3 - Palisade distinctly one layer on the adaxial side

C4 - Palisade surrounds the vasc. bundles

Question 32

Calvin cycle is the dark reaction mechanism in photosynthesis.

Answer 32

C3 Plants

Question 33

The initial product in the Calvin cycle is _____ defining it as the C3 cycle.

Answer 33

3-phosphoglycerate

Question 34

C3 plants use the enzyme ______ to directly fix carbon dioxide in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells.

Answer 34

rubisco

Question 35

Steps of the C3 Cycle

Answer 35

1. Carbon dioxide is fixed into the five-carbon sugar ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, which is then hydrolyzed into 3-phosphoglycerate.
2. In the second step, some 3-phosphoglycerate is reduced to hexose phosphates like glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, and fructose 6-phosphate.
3. The remaining 3-phosphoglycerate is recycled to form ribulose 1,5-phosphate.

Question 36

Use Hatch-Stack cycle as their reaction mechanism in the dark reaction of photosynthesis

Answer 36

C4 Plants

Question 37

The first stable compound produced is a four carbon compound ________ which is why the Hatch-Stack cycle is called the C4 cycle.

Answer 37

oxaloacetate

Question 38

Steps in the C4 Cycle

Answer 38

CO2 fixation occurs in mesophyll cells through the carboxylation of phosphoenol pyruvate, forming a C4 acid (malate/aspartate).

C4 acids are transferred to bundle sheath cells.

Within bundle sheath cells, C4 acids undergo decarboxylation, generating CO2 for the Calvin cycle, leading to carbohydrate synthesis.

The C3 acid (pyruvate or alanine) produced in the decarboxylation step is transported back to mesophyll cells, where it regenerates the CO2 acceptor, phosphoenol pyruvate.

Question 39

Check the final slide in leaf (Slide 58) for thee summary of c3 vs c4

Answer 39

Yayayeet