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bio 101 lec le 2 and le 3 > Module 6 - Cell types > Flashcards

Module 6 - Cell types Flashcards

1
Q

Group of cells organized into a structural and functional unit

usually alike in origin and function

A

Plant tissues

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2
Q

Tissue Classification based on stage of development (2)

A

Meristematic - Immature; on going growth

Permanent - Growth has ceased; made up of differentiated cells

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3
Q

What are the meristematic tissues based on origin?

A

Promeristem
Primary Meristem
Secondary Meristem

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4
Q

What are the meristematic tissues based on location?

A

Apical
Intercalary
Lateral/Cambia

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5
Q

Meristematic Tissues based on function

A

Protoderm
Procambium
Ground Meristem

“Payn payn, basta alam niyo na yan bible yan”

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6
Q

Tissue classifications based on kind of constituent cells?

A

Simple - 1 cell type

Complex - >1 cell type

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7
Q

Tissue classification based on origin of the primary meristem?

A

Dermal
Ground
Vascular

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8
Q

Tissue classifications for simple tissues (3)

A

Parenchyma tissue
Collenchyma tissue
Sclerenchyma tissue

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9
Q

These are the most unspecialized cells which may or may not have intercellular spaces.

A

Parenchyma

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10
Q

Living, thin-walled cells isodiametric in shape with no depositions.

A

Parenchyma

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11
Q

Cell wall consists only of cellulose with prominent nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and can be subdivided based on cell size, shape, metabolism, and function.

A

Parenchyma

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12
Q

Name the 7 traits of Parenchyma

A
  1. Living, thin-walled
  2. May or may not have intercellular spaces
  3. Most unspecialized cells
  4. Isodiametric, no depositions
  5. Cell wall only consists of cellulose
  6. Prominent Nucleus, cytoplasm, and vacuoles
  7. Subdivided based on cell size, shape, metabolism, and function
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13
Q

What are two arguments for unspecialized parenchyma

A

Phylogenetically - precursors of all tissues

Distinct specialization - Living protoplast allows for various functions

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14
Q

T/F: Parenchyma can have thick walls

A

T, some have lignified secondary walls

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15
Q

Types of parenchyma based on function (5)

A
  1. Synthetic
  2. Structural
  3. Storage
  4. Boundary/Marginal
  5. Transport
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16
Q

Types of Synthetic Parenchyma (3)

A

Meristematic
Chlorenchyma
Secretory

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17
Q

Immature cells with no intercellular spaces, abundant cytoplasm, with one or more nuclei, small or absent vacuoles

A

Synthetic Meristematic Parenchyma

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18
Q

parenchyma cells found in meristems usually small, with fewer numbers of each organelle,

A

Synthetic Meristematic Parenchyma

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19
Q

allowing rapid division and enlargement to the required size and shape for their destined role

A

Synthetic Meristematic Parenchyma

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20
Q

In a continuous state of division synthesizing new cells

A

Synthetic Meristematic Parenchyma

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21
Q

chlorophyll-rich cells to conduct photosynthesis; synthesizes photosynthates

A

Chlorenchyma

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22
Q

found in the outer layers of stems, roots, the palisade and spongy mesophyll in leaf sections

A

Chlorenchyma

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23
Q

Maximizes light interception by using its large vacuole to press chloroplasts uniformly

A

Chlorenchyma

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24
Q

secretes large quantities of substances that can be moved to the exterior of the plant or to a cavity or duct

A

Secretory Parenchyma

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25
Q

glandular trichomes, nectaries and digestive glands of insectivorous plants

A

Secretory Parenchyma

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26
Q

include ducts and cavities lined with secretory parenchyma cells such as resin ducts and oil cavities

A

Secretory Parenchyma

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27
Q

T/F: Secretory Parenchyma have thick Permeable cell walls

A

F, Thin. Kaya nga permeable eh

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28
Q

Vesicles in secretory cells fuse with _____ and discharge the contents to the exterior

A

Plasmalemma

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29
Q

What are the different general trichome types (7)

A

Unicellular
Tapering (2)
Glandular (2)
Malphigian
Stellate (2)
Dendrite
Peltate

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30
Q

2 types of Tapering trichome

A

Uniseriate
Multiseriate

31
Q

2 types of glandular trichome

A

Pilate
Capitate

32
Q

2 types of stellate trichome

A

Sessile
Stalked

33
Q

3 pathways of intercellular space/cavity devlopment

A

Lysigenous
Schizogenous
Rhexigenous

34
Q

the cavity is formed after actual breakdown of whole cells

A

Lysigenous Development

35
Q

cavity is formed after separation of contiguous or neighboring cell walls through their middle lamellae

A

Schizogenous Development

36
Q

Starts at the junction of 3 or more cells and spreads to other wall
parts as initiated by enzymic removal of pectins.

A

Schizogenous Development

37
Q

What initiates schizogenous development

A

Enzymic Removal of Pectins

38
Q

What causes the weakness at the junction point in schizogenous development.

A

Discontinuous middle lamella of new cell plate with the existing parent wall.

39
Q

What causes the weakness at the junction point to tear and form the intercellular space.

A

Building of turgor pressure causing rounding of the cell.

40
Q

Surrounding parenchyma pulled away from protoxylem elements leaving a large lacuna

A

Rhexeginous development

41
Q

Type of parenchyma characterized by:

Presence of intercellular spaces that facilitates exchange of gases in submerged organs

Lightweight and flexible but relatively strong tissue

A

Structural Parenchyma or Aerenchyma

42
Q

Aerenchyma cells can either be _____ or _____ (shape)

A

Stellate or Round

43
Q

Aerenchyma is round in what sample?

A

Eichhornia crassipes and Nymphea odorata petioles

44
Q

Stellate or star-shaped aerenchyma is found in what sample

A

Musa sp. petiole

45
Q

enables wetland and waterlogged plants to maintain levels of oxygen sufficient to support respiration.

A

Presence of aerenchyma

46
Q

Steps in formation of Aerenchyma

A
  1. Hypoxic cortex due to O2 shortage
  2. Increased ethylene biosynthesis in root
  3. Ethylene triggers signal cascade leading to activation of suicide genes
  4. Cell lysis due to programmed cell death forms the space
47
Q

Store reserve materials such as sugars, starch, proteins, oil, crystals and water in the vacuole or solid or liquid particles in the cytoplasm

A

Storage Parenchyma

48
Q

Separates two regions of a plant or a plant from its environment.

Cells usually attached to one another firmly to prevent entry or loss of substances and resist tearing and puncture

A

Boundary/Marginal Parenchyma

49
Q

Also known as transfer cell

characterized by wall ingrowths; specialized form of unlignified secondary cell wall

A

Transport Parenchyma

50
Q

T/F: Transport Parenchyma have have 1 or several walls that are highly modified, having many folds, ridges and papillae in their inner face.

Why/why not?

A

T, To increase the absorption or secretion surface

51
Q

Two general types of transport Parenchyma

A

Axial and ray (Xylem Parenchyma)

Sieve Elements (Phloem Parenchyma)

52
Q

Living, elongated, unevenly thickened primary walls due to cellulose and lignin deposition hemicellulose, and pectin substances.

none/ less intercellular spaces with distinct nucleus and dense protoplasm; often contain chlorophyll

A

Collenchyma

53
Q

supporting tissue in young organs of both
herbaceous and woody species

Found in peripheral below the epidermis in dicot stems, petioles and ribs of leaf blades

Absent in dicot roots and all parts of monocot plants

A

Collenchyma

54
Q

What are the 7 traits of collenchyma?

A

Living, elongated, unevenly thickened primary walls

Thickening due to cellulose and lignin deposition hemicellulose, and pectin substances.

none/ less intercellular spaces

distinct nucleus and dense protoplasm; often contain chlorophyll

supporting tissue in young organs of both
herbaceous and woody species

Found in peripheral below the epidermis in dicot stems, petioles and ribs of leaf blades

Absent in dicot roots and all parts of monocot plants

55
Q

usually found in clusters beneath the epidermis

has plastic cell walls (can deform without breaking)

A

Collenchyma

56
Q

usually originates from ground meristem but may originate from the procambium as well

A

Collenchyma tissues

57
Q

Types of Collenchyma tissues based on cell thickening(4)

A

Angular
Lamellar/Tangential
Annular
Lacunar

58
Q

Collenchyma type that have angled cell wall thickenings, middle lamella visible at corners.

A

Angular Collenchyma (Apium graveolens and Hedera helix)

59
Q

Collenchyma that have greatly thickened tangential walls (brick like arrangement)

A

Lamellar Chollenchyma

60
Q

there is more or less uniform thickening around the cell

the cell lumen is almost circular in cross section

A

Annular Collenchyma

61
Q

has primary cell wall thickenings located where adjoining cells are in contact. However, these thickenings do no fill completely the intercellular spaces and empty intercellular spaces can be observed.

(Mukhang may malalaking empty spaces between the cells.)

A

Lacunar Collenchyma

62
Q

T/F Permanent tissues are made up of undifferentiated cells that continuously divide.

A

False

63
Q

T/F Xylem and Phloem tissues are made up of fibers and parenchyma.

A

True

64
Q

T/F Ground tissues are heterogenous based on the type of constituent cell present.

A

True

65
Q

T/F All parenchyma are parenchymatous

A

True

66
Q

Odd man out. Meristematic parenchyma are/has:

large vacuoles
synthetic parenchyma
NO intercellular space
1 or several nuclei
usually small

A

large vacuoles

67
Q

A structural parenchyma responsible for the diffusion of dissolved gases in submerged leaves and stems of Nymphaea and Eichhornia.

A

aerenchyma

68
Q

Describe the shape of this aerenchyma found in Musa petiole.

A

stellate

69
Q

Endodermis is what type of parenchyma?

A

Boundary/Marginal Parenchyma

70
Q

Functions of collenchyma

A

Mechanical Strength

Flexibility

Photosynthesis (Chlorenchyma)

71
Q

T?F Sclerenchyma have live protoplast at maturity

A

False

72
Q

The tissue contains a lignified secondary wall for mechanical hardness and strength, including lignin, suberin, and cutin. This enables the plant to withstand various strains such as bending, weight, and pressure without undue damage to the thin-walled softer cells. No intercellular space is present.

A

Sclerenchyma

73
Q

Two types of fibers and differentiate

A

Xylary and Extraxylary

Xylary integral part of xylem, arise from same meristematic tissues

Extraxylary occurs in parts of the plant other than the xylem elements

bio 101 lec le 2 and le 3 (7 decks)

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