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bio 101 lec le 2 and le 3 > Module 7 - Epidermis > Flashcards

Module 7 - Epidermis Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial layer of cells in young stems, roots, and foliar structures, as well as in flowers, fruits, and seeds. Undifferentiated in the apical meristem, absent in the root cap.

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

Functions of the epidermis

A

Functions:

Protection

Restriction of transpiration

Storage of water and various metabolic products, absorption, and photosynthesis

Strengthen and support the plant

Restrict entry and exit of organisms and toxic substances

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3
Q

Origin of the Epidermis

A
  • From the outermost cell layer of the SAM
  • If shoot apex has tunica corpus organization, it arises from the outermost layer of tunica
  • In roots, epidermis may be related developmentally to the root cap
  • Protoderm: primary meristem origin
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4
Q

Haberlandtʼs term “________” is the primordial epidermis.

Others define this as undifferentiated epidermis.

Organs with little or no secondary growth usually retain the epidermis as long as they exist.

A

Protoderm

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5
Q

Type of epidermis only one layer in thickness

A

Uniseriate

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6
Q

Type of Epidermis with several layers of cells

A

Multiseriate

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7
Q

T/F In Multiseriate Epidermis is always synchronized leading to more expanded inner than outer layers

A

False, Sometimes the division is unsynchronized leading to uneven layer thickening

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8
Q

Origin of the epidermis.

A

outermost layer of tunica

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9
Q

T/F The periderm is regarded as the primordial epidermis.

A

False, protoderm

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10
Q

Why are the inner epidermal layers more expanded that the outer epidermal layers?

A

Asynchronous cell division

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11
Q

A ground meristem derivative responsible for secreting cuticle and storing fat that resembles a multiple epidermis,

A

hypodermis

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12
Q

Function of the velamen radicum

A

Storage for epiphytic plants

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13
Q

Structures that prevent the widening of the stomatal aperture during stoma opening.

A

Stomatal Rings

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14
Q

Give the function of hydathodes.

A

Permanently open pores for water release in the form of dew.

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15
Q

Product of incomplete cell division that embeds itself into the epidermis

A

Cystolith

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16
Q

T/F Velamen is dead

A

True

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17
Q

Function of Velamen Radicum

A

store water and nutrients

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18
Q

resemble those of a multiple epidermis but are derived from the ground meristem.

A

Hypodermis

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19
Q

The cells have thin radial walls; the outer wall may be as thick or thicker than those of adjacent ordinary epidermal cells. The walls are composed of cellulose and pectic substances. The outer walls have cuticle, and the cells are highly vacuolated, containing water.

A

Bulliform Cells

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20
Q

Function of Bulliform Cells

A

Prevent excess transpiration

21
Q

When guard cells are _______, the stomates are ______.

A

Turgid; open

Flaccid; closed

22
Q

Function of stomates

A

Prevent excess transpiration

23
Q

Covers the opening of the stomates under stress conditions

A

Guard Cells

24
Q

Stomate Types (According to the arrangement of the subsidiary cell around the guard cells)

A

1.Anomocytic

2.Anisocytic

  1. Paracytic
  2. Diacytic

5.Actinocytic

NOTE: ONLY IN DICOTS

25
Q

Characteristics of Anomocytic

A

Multiple, random arrangement

26
Q

Characteristics of anisocytic

A

Three subsidiary cells, one smaller than the rest

27
Q

Characteristics of paracytic?

A

Subsidiary cells run parallel to the guard cells

28
Q

Characteristics of diacytic

A

Subsidiary cells run perpendicular to the guard cells

29
Q

Actinocytic is defined by

A

Radial or radiating appearance of subsidiary cells

30
Q

Stomate types in Monocots

A

Type I to IV

NOTE: Specific to MONOCOTS

31
Q

Guard cells are accompanied by 4-6 rectangular subsidiary cells, with 1-2 on each side (lateral SC) and 1 on each end (terminal SC). “Boxed in”

A

Type I

32
Q

Guard cells are accompanied by 4-6 subsidiary cells, with 1-2 elongated SCs on each side (lateral SCs) and 1 round SC on each end (terminal SCs).

Mukhang lemon

A

Type II

33
Q

Paracytic but make it monocot

A

Type III

34
Q

Anomocytic but make it monocot

A

Type IV

35
Q

T/F Guard cells in the Gramineae and Cyperaceae (Grasses) are elongated and dumbbell-shaped.

A

True

36
Q

There are sunken areas on the leaf surface that shelter the pores from the dry wind.

A

Stomatal crypts

37
Q

Structures help minimize transpiration by breaking up the flow of air, keeping humidity higher in the crypt than in the surrounding atmosphere.

A

Trichomes

38
Q

Waxy substance on the epidermis that helps prevent transpiration

A

Cutin

39
Q

When stomata occurs on both surfaces of the leaf.

A

Amphistomatic

40
Q

When stomata occurs only on the upper side of the leaf

A

Epistomatic

41
Q

When stomata only occurs on the lower side of the leaf

A

Hypostomatic

42
Q

When all of the subsidiary or neighboring cells have a common origin with the guard cells.

A

Mesogenous

43
Q

None of the subsidiary or neighboring cells has a common origin with the guard cells.

A

Perigenous

44
Q

When at least one of the subsidiary or neighboring cells is directly related ontogenetically to the guard cells, while the others are not.

A

mesoperigenous

45
Q

These are permanently open pores at the margins and tips of leaves; they are connected to the veins and secrete droplets of liquid, called guttation drops, containing various nutrients.

A

Hydathodes

46
Q

The first protective barrier between the aerial surface of the plant and its environment is the principal barrier to the movement of water

A

Cuticle

47
Q

Cuticle has two lipid components:

A
  1. insoluble cutin - in the matrix
  2. soluble waxes - some in the surface of cuticle, others in matrix called cuticular wax
48
Q

Cuticle has two distinct regions

A
  1. Cuticle proper - formed by cuticularization (secretion of cutin to surface of cell wall), has no cellulose
  2. Cuticular layer - beneath cuticle proper, formed by cutinization (deposition of cutin between cellulose microfibrils of the outermost layers where pectin and hemicellulose may also be present)

bio 101 lec le 2 and le 3 (7 decks)

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