Module 2

Question 1

Ideology

Answer 1

A system of ideas or ideals.

Question 2

Analogous reasoning

Answer 2

Applying observed behaviour to non-observed behaviour.

Question 3

Ecstatic state of consciousness

Answer 3

Functioning outside of normal, an “out of body” experience.

Question 4

Wounded healer

Answer 4

Able to and willing to treat patients because they themselves are wounded or were previously.

Question 5

Shamanic flight, soul flight

Answer 5

A shaman entering a state of trance.

Question 6

Animism

Answer 6

Everything in the world has a soul, inanimate objects included.

Question 7

Shamanic sacra

Answer 7

Artifacts, art, or particular spaces that we can recognize as Shamanic.

Question 8

Tobacco and nicotine intoxication traits

Answer 8

Blocks colour receptors, only white, black, and yellow are seen.

Question 9

Sensory deprivation

Answer 9

Someone is deprived of normal external stimuli for an extended period of time.

Question 10

Guardian spirit

Answer 10

Present with shamans during flight to protect and guide them.

Question 11

Triboluminescence

Answer 11

When light is produced through material is pulled apart or rubbed against each other.

Question 12

Fishing in ancient Tasmania

Answer 12

At some point in time, fishing stopped. We don’t know why, could be a cultural shift.

Question 13

Altered state of consciousness (ASC)

Answer 13

Can be achieved through drumming, singing, chanting, dancing, and drugs. Once here, can travel between the 3 zones.

Question 14

Multiple planes of existence

Answer 14

Spirits inhabit the upper and lower planes, humans in the middle.

Question 15

Shamanic state of consciousness

Answer 15

ASC, but in the specific case of a Shaman.

Question 16

Casas Grandes or Pacquime

Answer 16

Significant archaeological site in Mexico.

Question 17

Etic

Answer 17

Interpreting culture from an outsiders perspective.

Question 18

Cognitive archaeology

Answer 18

The study of certain aspects of culture that are the result of thought process.
For example, how people view and classify the world.

Question 19

Shaman, shamanism, shamanic

Answer 19

A shaman is a religious specialist - they can communicate with the supernatural.

Question 20

Death and rebirth

Answer 20

For shamans, to create something new something must be destroyed. This is the power of transformation.

Question 21

Technique of ectasy

Answer 21

Shamanism.

Question 22

Axis mundi

Answer 22

The world axis. To travel between the planes, one needs access to the axis mundi.

Question 23

Social outcast

Answer 23

Shamans are often outcasts, people are scared of them.

Question 24

Psychotropic plants

Answer 24

peyote cactus, Datura species, Salvia… to achieve ASC.

Question 25

Liminal state

Answer 25

A transitory state, being between one state of being and another. Shamans are liminal people.

Question 26

Macaw

Answer 26

In this context, they were bred in Casas Grandes.

Question 27

Magico-religious practitioner

Answer 27

Relating to magic and religion.

Question 28

Ethnographic analogy

Answer 28

Allows for comparisons with cultures no longer in existence.

Question 29

Ecstasy

Answer 29

An out of body experience.

Question 30

Spirit quest

Answer 30

To become a shaman. This is considered a death and rebirth process.

Question 31

Entoptics

Answer 31

Geometrical visuals.

Question 32

Hypoxia

Answer 32

A reduction in oxygen that may lead to ASC and hallucinations.

Question 33

Tutelary animal

Answer 33

Guardian animals. There to protect and guide shamans in flight.

Question 34

Effigy bowl

Answer 34

Bowls depicting animals, birds, fish, humans, and mythological creatures.