Module 5

Question 1

Göbekli Tepe

Answer 1

Southeast Turkey.
Likely public architecture.
Lots of ‘t’ shaped stone pillars with animals on them, these are the world’s oldest megaliths.

Question 2

Public architecture

Answer 2

Architecture that is not someone’s house. For example, a church or gym.

Question 3

Subterranean structures

Answer 3

A structure built below ground level. For example, ancient Jericho.

Question 4

Anthropomorphized being

Answer 4

Described as having human form.

Question 5

Bucrania

Answer 5

Skull of aurochs.

Question 6

NISP

Answer 6

The Number of Identified Specimens or Number of Individual Specimens (NISP) is defined as the number of identified specimens for a specific site or skeleton.

Question 7

Fictive kinship

Answer 7

A term used by anthropologists and ethnographers to describe forms of kinship or social ties that are based on neither consanguineal (blood ties) nor affinal (“by marriage”) ties.

Question 8

Jericho

Answer 8

Along with Çatalhöyük, it is the world’s oldest city.
Occupied for ~10,000 years.
First city with a protective wall, advanced building techniques.

Question 9

Roof opening

Answer 9

In Çatalhöyük, houses were packed next to each other with no sidewalks or roads. Roof openings were probably how people moved around.

Question 10

Painted plaster wall relief

Answer 10

In some Çatalhöyük homes, they were decorated with painted plaster wall reliefs.

Question 11

Sub-floor crypt

Answer 11

In Çatalhöyük, people were buried under homes.

Question 12

De-fleshing

Answer 12

Process of getting rid of flesh on dead people. Large birds (vultures) were used. Leaves connective tissue intact for burial.

Question 13

Hasan Daği volcano

Answer 13

A volcano close to Çatalhöyük.

Question 14

Elaborated power

Answer 14

Takes precedence over most aspects of society.

Question 15

Control over inter-regional trade networks

Answer 15

One of the characteristics of a civilization.

Question 16

Codified iconography for recording events

Answer 16

Characteristic of a civilization.
Basically a writing system.

Question 17

Mesopotamia

Answer 17

Meaning “land between two rivers.”
Syria and northern Iraq.
Mesopotamia are credited with inventing the wheel, systems of writing, the recording of history, literature, canons of law, organized religion, and beer, among other achievements.

Question 18

Eridu site

Answer 18

Iraq.
Temples for Enki, the water god.

Question 19

Urfa man

Answer 19

Found at Eridu site, and is considered as “the oldest naturalistic life-sized sculpture of a human.”

Question 20

Uruk

Answer 20

Oldest known city in the world.
Worshipped Inanna, the goddess of war and love.

Question 21

Eanna precinct

Answer 21

The most prominent area of Uruk during the Uruk period was the sacred Eanna (“House of Heaven”) precinct dedicated to the goddess Inanna.

Question 22

Cylinder seal

Answer 22

In ancient Mesopotamia, a cylinder-shaped seal could be rolled on a variety of objects made of clay. When seals were impressed on tablets or tablet cases the seal impressions served to identify the authority responsible for what was written in the documents, much as a signature does today.

Question 23

Lapis lazuli

Answer 23

Used for decorating and colour.

Question 24

Ziggurat

Answer 24

a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple.

Question 25

Warka vase

Answer 25

Carved out of alabaster. 3 registers on the vase. Person with most status at the top (Inanna). The vase depicts an example of hierarchy being a portion of nature, and, according to anthropologist Susan Pollock, shows that social and natural hierarchies were most likely akin to each other in ancient Mesopotamia.

Question 26

Cuneiform

Answer 26

A writing system made by the Sumer people. They used it to record hymns of praise to their gods, lists of kings, and the first law codes with prescribed penalties for specific offenses against persons and property.

Question 27

Pre-cuneiform

Answer 27

Earliest signs were made by scratching lines on clay tablets.

Question 28

Akkad / Agade

Answer 28

Capital of the Akkadian Empire.

Question 29

City-state

Answer 29

Cities control an area of agriculture and pastoral land.

Question 30

Retainer sacrifice

Answer 30

Victims are killed so they can accompany their social superiors into the afterlife.

Question 31

Royal graves of Ur

Answer 31

Southern Iraq. Evidence of burials and jewelry made of gold and precious stones. Queen Puabi buried here.

Question 32

Queen Puabi

Answer 32

Queen at Ur.

Question 33

Bull Lyre

Answer 33

Found in Queen Puabi's tomb. Meaning of the scenes are unknown.

Question 34

Headdress of Queen Puabi

Answer 34

The headdress is made up of 20 gold leaves, two strings of lapis and carnelian, and a large gold comb.

Question 35

Standard of Ur

Answer 35

Wooden box decorated with mosaics depicting scenes from a flourishing city-state. Idealized efficient government.

Question 36

Sargon of Agade

Answer 36

Ancient Mesopotamian ruler. Conquered all of southern Mesopotamia.

Question 37

Votive Disk of Enheduanna

Answer 37

Echoes of the Warka Vase. Enheduanna was first poet whose name was recorded in history.

Question 38

Temple of Nanna

Answer 38

Enheduanna (Sargon's daughter) served here as high priestess. Was in Ur, whose patron deity was the mood god Nanna.