Module 8

Question 1

Moundbuilder Myth

Answer 1

It was inconceivable that Indians built the mounds, therefore some non-Indian race built them.
Indian “savages” later came and overran this mythical society.

Question 2

Watson Brake Site

Answer 2

Earliest site in NA with monumental architecture.

Question 3

Gentry Mound

Answer 3

Or “mound F.”
A conical structure at Watson Brake.
Purpose unknown.

Question 4

Poverty Point

Answer 4

6 curved earthen ridges.
Purpose unknown.

Question 5

Bird Mound

Answer 5

Largest mound at Poverty Point.

Question 6

Postmold

Answer 6

An infilled soil cavity interpreted to be the result of a humanmade post that was once embedded in the ground.

Question 7

Adena Culture

Answer 7

Archaeologically defined culture.
From 500-100 BCE.

Question 8

Adena Mortuary Chamber

Answer 8

At the center of most mounds there is a wooden mortuary chamber.

Question 9

Log Crypt

Answer 9

Adena mortuary chamber. They were made of logs.

Question 10

Adena Mound

Answer 10

Among first mounds to be excavated instead of looted.

Question 11

Adena Effigy pipe

Answer 11

Very detailed and defined stone pipe.
Head is given prominence in sculpture.
Chances are it was related to ritual use of tobacco.

Question 12

Great Serpent Mound

Answer 12

Part of Hopewell tradition.
Built upon ancient meteor impact site.

Question 13

Hopewell culture

Answer 13

Precontact Indigenous cultures in northeastern and midwestern from 100 BCE - 500 CE.
Not one single group, large trade networks.

Question 14

Charnel House

Answer 14

A building where skeletal remains are stored.

Question 15

Hopewellian Great Houses

Answer 15

These houses were part of the mounds.
Often had several rooms, possibly reflecting different functions or the expansion of charnel house.

Question 16

Mica silhouette

Answer 16

Human hands silhouettes made from Mica.
Mica is a translucent mineral.
Remarkable design. Very fluid and good detail.

Question 17

Exotic

Answer 17

Material culture that was not produced locally and or whose raw material is not found locally.

Question 18

Effigy mound

Answer 18

Burial mounds shaped like animals.

Question 19

Cahokia

Answer 19

Ancient city, estimated 15K residents.

Question 20

Monk’s Mound

Answer 20

Central focus of Cahokia.
Built of clay, which may have led to its failure as a mound.
Functioned defensively in times of war.

Question 21

Hayrick structures

Question 22

Southeastern Ceremonial Complex

Answer 22

From Cahokia.
Stuff made in Cahokia found in other cultures elites’ burials.

Question 23

Etowah sculptures

Answer 23

Marble sculptures with detailed and expressive faces. Heads are over-larged.

Question 24

Spiro site

Answer 24

Hunters plundered the site and sold off the items.

Question 25

Craig's Mound

Answer 25

Showed Spiro as an important trade centre through the finding of the Great Mortuary. This held thousands of offerings.

Question 26

Human Effigy Pipe

Answer 26

Made in Cahokia. Size and weight suggest ceremonial use.

Question 27

Shell gorget

Answer 27

From Spiro. Polished shell worn around the neck.

Question 28

Anasazi (Ancestral Puebloan)

Answer 28

First cultural group in American southwest.

Question 29

Black on white pottert

Answer 29

Distinctive of this area (American SW) because of low levels of oxygen, came out like this due to firing process.

Question 30

Chaco Canyon

Answer 30

Main area for Pueblo II culture.

Question 31

Great House

Answer 31

At Chaco Canyon, usually 200 rooms, sometimes up to 700. Does not appear residential, great example of public architecture.

Question 32

Mesa Verde

Answer 32

Pueblo III Culture. Known for its cliff dwellings. Most famous is the Cliff Palace.

Question 33

T-shaped windows and doorways

Answer 33

Design first seen at Chaco Canyon, perhaps demonstrates the importance of the canyon.

Question 34

Kiva

Answer 34

Rooms. There is a central smoke/access hole. On the floor there is a fire pit and a sipapu.

Question 35

Sipapu

Answer 35

A symbolic portal comemerating the opening of which the ancestors entered the world.

Question 36

Sipapu

Answer 36

A symbolic portal commemorating the opening of which the ancestors entered the world.

Question 37

Mimbres

Answer 37

A sub-region of the Mogollon culture area.

Question 38

Ceremonially killed ceramic bowls

Answer 38

The Mimbres people buried their deceased with bowls on their heads. The bowls were killed by punching a hole in its bottom.

Question 39

Mimbres naturalistic ceramic decoration

Answer 39

Naturalistic after 1000 BCE. Only decorated on the inside, often geometric designs.

Question 40

Visual Movement

Answer 40

Mimbres ceramics. The bowls were intended to be turned in hand to appreciate the designs.

Question 41

Hohokam

Answer 41

Had fields of corn, cotton, tobacco, agave. Engaged in long distance trade.

Question 42

Rancherias

Answer 42

Name given to Hohokam villages.

Question 43

Mexican Influence in Hohokam

Answer 43

Got goods from there: copper bells, mosaic artworks, stone mirrors, exotic birds. Also built ball courts.