Module 2

Question 1

the year of invention of paper is often given as

Answer 1

AD 105

Question 2

eunuch of the Imperial Court of China, officially reported the invention of paper making to the Emperor.

Answer 2

Ts’ai Lun

Question 3

The original raw materials for the manufacture of paper were

Answer 3

rags and cloth

Question 4

was used because the trees, which were the food source for silkworms, were plentiful in China and because the bark was porous and easy to break up.

Answer 4

Mulberry tree bark

Question 5

For centuries, the demand for paper was quite limited, mainly because:

Answer 5

(1) writing was the only use for paper,
(2) there were no printing presses,
(3) few people could read or write, and
(4) the primary raw material for papermaking was rags

Question 6

when Johannes Gutenberg invented the

Answer 6

1500, printing press

Question 7

The increased demand for paper could not be satisfied economically by the single sheet-batch production process. There was a need for continuous processes for faster production. Two processes, ______, were developed in France and England during the _____.

Answer 7

(1) the Fourdrinier process and (2) the cylinder process
late 1700s and the early 1800s.

Question 8

In 1799, a machine system for making paper was invented by a Frenchman named _____.

Answer 8

Nicholas L. Robert

Question 9

patented the first “cylinder or mould machine’ which consisted of a wire-covered cylinder revolving in a vat filled with pulp

Answer 9

In 1809, John Dickinson

Question 10

the biggest pulp producer

Answer 10

Canada

Question 11

biggest market for the pulp

Answer 11

United States

Question 12

makes the best paper for packaging purposes

Answer 12

Softwood

Question 13

used to make stiffer paper

Answer 13

Hardwood

Question 14

Hardwood length

Answer 14

1/16 “ long fibers

Question 15

Softwood length

Answer 15

3/16 “ long fibers

Question 16

A ream of paper is how many square feet of paper

Answer 16

3,000

Question 17

is the weight in pounds of a ream

Answer 17

basis weight (BW)

Question 18

Paper is generally less than ______ in thickness.

Answer 18

10 points

Question 19

is the direction of the grain of the fibers

Answer 19

machine direction

Question 20

is the direction perpendicular to the machine direction.

Answer 20

Cross Direction or Cross Grain

Question 21

is the property of a surface that causes light to reflect specularly (like a mirror).

Answer 21

Gloss

Question 22

is the property of a sheet that describes the resistance to light transmission.

Answer 22

Opacity

Question 23

is the process of separating wood or other fibers and then assembling the fibers into a mat, which is dried, pressed, trimmed, and rolled up

Answer 23

Paper manufacturing

Question 24

produces ground wood pulp by pressing the logs lengthwise against a large cylindrical grindstone while water is sprayed over the surface of the stone to carry away the fibers and cool the stone.

Answer 24

Mechanical Pulping

Question 25

large cylindrical or spherical pressure vessels

Answer 25

digesters

Question 26

starts with wood chips about the size of a 25 cent coin and produces pulp by cooking the wood with chemicals in large cylindrical or spherical pressure vessels

Answer 26

Chemical Pulping

Question 27

There are three chemical processes in Chemical Pulping

Answer 27

The soda process The sulfate process The sulfite process

Question 28

generally used to produce pulp from hardwoods

Answer 28

The soda process

Question 29

uses caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and soda ash (sodium carbonate) to dissolve the undesirable wood constituents

Answer 29

The soda process

Question 30

also called the Kraft process, works with both hardwoods and softwoods.

Answer 30

The sulfate process

Question 31

produces the strongest paper products.

Answer 31

The sulfate process

Question 32

The process has limited application, being used on only about 1 percent of all pulp.

Answer 32

The sulfite process

Question 33

is produced by a combination of mechanical and chemical processes.

Answer 33

Semichemical Pulping

Question 34

is used to manufacture paper and some forms of paperboard.

Answer 34

The Fourdrinier Process

Question 35

improves the printability of the paper and the effectiveness of adhesives applied to the paper.

Answer 35

Sizing

Question 36

which are generally bleached to give a clean white appearance, are typically used in applications involving writing or printing.

Answer 36

Fine papers

Question 37

"kraft" comes from the German word for

Answer 37

strong

Question 38

is made from at least 80 percent wood pulp.

Answer 38

Kraft paper

Question 39

It is also called glazed greaseproof paper.

Answer 39

Glassine

Question 40

is a thin, transparent, flexible paper that was invented in the early 1900s in France.

Answer 40

Cellophane

Question 41

is paperboard used to manufacture corrugated board.

Answer 41

Containerboard

Question 42

is paperboard that is used to manufacture folding cartons.

Answer 42

Boxboard

Question 43

is the single highest value sector of the entire packaging material industry

Answer 43

Corrugated board manufacturing

Question 44

Containerboard includes: linerboard (__ percent) and medium (__ percent)

Answer 44

70, 30

Question 45

Corrugated board was first used in

Answer 45

Victorian England

Question 46

Corrugated board is manufactured on a large machine called a

Answer 46

corrugator

Question 47

The most common corrugated medium is

Answer 47

semichemical unbleached 26 lb. kraft.

Question 48

The mostcommon material for liners is

Answer 48

42 lb. kraft

Question 49

Liner board is usually natural kraft, used to make the generic

Answer 49

“brown boxes.”

Question 50

is a single layer of corrugated paperboard without liners.

Answer 50

Unfaced corrugated

Question 51

is a combination of one fluted corrugating medium glued to one flat facing of linerboard.

Answer 51

Single face corrugated

Question 52

also called double face corrugated

Answer 52

Single wall corrugated

Question 53

is a combination of one corrugated medium and two flat facings of linerboard, with one linerboard glued to each side of the corrugated medium.

Answer 53

Single wall corrugated

Question 54

is a combination of two corrugated medium layers and three flat facings of linerboard, assembled in the following order: linerboard, medium, linerboard, medium, linerboard.

Answer 54

Double wall corrugated

Question 55

is a combination of three corrugated medium layers and four flat facings of linerboard, assembled in the following order: linerboard, medium, linerboard, medium,linerboard, medium, linerboard.

Answer 55

Triple wall corrugated

Question 56

has 33+/-3 flutes (corrugations) per foot

Answer 56

A-flute

Question 57

has 47+/-3 flutes per foot.

Answer 57

B-flute

Question 58

has 39+/-3 flutes per foot

Answer 58

C-flute

Question 59

has 90+/-4 flutes per foot.

Answer 59

E-flute

Question 60

has 128+/-4 flutes per foot.

Answer 60

F-flute

Question 61

which is a new board style that has fewer flutes per inch and is thicker than A-flute

Answer 61

K-flute

Question 62

is made of single wall, double wall, or triple wall corrugated board.

Answer 62

Box

Question 63

is made of a single sheet of paperboard.

Answer 63

Carton

Question 64

is the most common corrugated box style.

Answer 64

regular slotted container (RSC)

Question 65

has flaps of the same length, but the outer flaps overlap by 1 inch or more

Answer 65

overlap slotted container (OSC)

Question 66

has all flaps of same length, but the outer flaps come within 1 inch of full overlap.

Answer 66

full overlap slotted container (FOL)

Question 67

has flaps cut to different lengths so that both the inner and outer flaps meet at the center of the box.

Answer 67

center special slotted container (CSSC)

Question 68

The first product sold in a paperboard carton was

Answer 68

Uneeda Biscuit, marketed by the National Biscuit Company.

Question 69

is actually one of the biggest factors causing the boost in paper consumption.

Answer 69

Electronic communication

Question 70

are added to the pulp to make high-quality stationery and other specialty papers.

Answer 70

Rags

Question 71

Involves calendering between highly polished rolls that produce a similar smooth finish on both sides of the sheet.

Answer 71

Machine finishing

Question 72

produces a smooth side and a rough back side

Answer 72

Machine-glazing

Question 73

are a special group of fine packaging papers

Answer 73

Tissue papers

Question 74

is made by soaking the wood fibers in sulfuric acid. This treatment causes the cellulosic fibers to swell and close up their pores.

Answer 74

Vegetable parchment

Question 75

is generally thicker and heavier than paper.

Answer 75

Paperboard

Question 76

Although there is no strict definition, paperboard is generally thicker than

Answer 76

0.010 in

Question 77

The glue used to manufacture the corrugated board is based on

Answer 77

starch

Question 78

One drawback to the use of starch-based adhesives

Answer 78

they are attractive to insects