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Packaging > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the year of invention of paper is often given as

A

AD 105

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2
Q

eunuch of the Imperial Court of China, officially reported the invention of paper making to the Emperor.

A

Ts’ai Lun

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3
Q

The original raw materials for the manufacture of paper were

A

rags and cloth

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4
Q

was used because the trees, which were the food source for silkworms, were plentiful in China and because the bark was porous and easy to break up.

A

Mulberry tree bark

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5
Q

For centuries, the demand for paper was quite limited, mainly because:

A

(1) writing was the only use for paper,
(2) there were no printing presses,
(3) few people could read or write, and
(4) the primary raw material for papermaking was rags

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6
Q

when Johannes Gutenberg invented the

A

1500, printing press

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7
Q

The increased demand for paper could not be satisfied economically by the single sheet-batch production process. There was a need for continuous processes for faster production. Two processes, ______, were developed in France and England during the _____.

A

(1) the Fourdrinier process and (2) the cylinder process
late 1700s and the early 1800s.

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8
Q

In 1799, a machine system for making paper was invented by a Frenchman named _____.

A

Nicholas L. Robert

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9
Q

patented the first “cylinder or mould machine’ which consisted of a wire-covered cylinder revolving in a vat filled with pulp

A

In 1809, John Dickinson

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10
Q

the biggest pulp producer

A

Canada

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11
Q

biggest market for the pulp

A

United States

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12
Q

makes the best paper for packaging purposes

A

Softwood

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13
Q

used to make stiffer paper

A

Hardwood

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14
Q

Hardwood length

A

1/16 “ long fibers

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15
Q

Softwood length

A

3/16 “ long fibers

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16
Q

A ream of paper is how many square feet of paper

A

3,000

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17
Q

is the weight in pounds of a ream

A

basis weight (BW)

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18
Q

Paper is generally less than ______ in thickness.

A

10 points

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19
Q

is the direction of the grain of the fibers

A

machine direction

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20
Q

is the direction perpendicular to the machine direction.

A

Cross Direction or Cross Grain

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21
Q

is the property of a surface that causes light to reflect specularly (like a mirror).

A

Gloss

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22
Q

is the property of a sheet that describes the resistance to light transmission.

A

Opacity

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23
Q

is the process of separating wood or other fibers and then assembling the fibers into a mat, which is dried, pressed, trimmed, and rolled up

A

Paper manufacturing

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24
Q

produces ground wood pulp by pressing the logs lengthwise against a large cylindrical grindstone while water is sprayed over the surface of the stone to carry away the fibers and cool the stone.

A

Mechanical Pulping

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25
Q

large cylindrical or spherical pressure vessels

A

digesters

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26
Q

starts with wood chips about the size of a 25 cent coin and produces pulp by cooking the wood with chemicals in large cylindrical or spherical pressure vessels

A

Chemical Pulping

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27
Q

There are three chemical processes in Chemical Pulping

A

The soda process
The sulfate process
The sulfite process

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28
Q

generally used to produce pulp from hardwoods

A

The soda process

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29
Q

uses caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and soda ash (sodium carbonate) to dissolve the undesirable wood constituents

A

The soda process

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30
Q

also called the Kraft process, works with both hardwoods and softwoods.

A

The sulfate process

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31
Q

produces the strongest paper products.

A

The sulfate process

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32
Q

The process has limited application, being used on only about 1 percent of all pulp.

A

The sulfite process

33
Q

is produced by a combination of mechanical and chemical processes.

A

Semichemical Pulping

34
Q

is used to manufacture paper and some forms of paperboard.

A

The Fourdrinier Process

35
Q

improves the printability of the paper and the effectiveness of adhesives applied to the paper.

A

Sizing

36
Q

which are generally bleached to give a clean white appearance, are typically used in applications involving writing or printing.

A

Fine papers

37
Q

“kraft” comes from the German word for

A

strong

38
Q

is made from at least 80 percent wood pulp.

A

Kraft paper

39
Q

It is also called glazed greaseproof paper.

A

Glassine

40
Q

is a thin, transparent, flexible paper that was invented in the early 1900s in France.

A

Cellophane

41
Q

is paperboard used to manufacture corrugated board.

A

Containerboard

42
Q

is paperboard that is used to manufacture folding cartons.

A

Boxboard

43
Q

is the single highest value sector of the entire packaging material industry

A

Corrugated board manufacturing

44
Q

Containerboard includes: linerboard (__ percent) and medium (__ percent)

A

70, 30

45
Q

Corrugated board was first used in

A

Victorian England

46
Q

Corrugated board is manufactured on a large machine called a

A

corrugator

47
Q

The most common corrugated medium is

A

semichemical unbleached 26 lb. kraft.

48
Q

The mostcommon material for liners is

A

42 lb. kraft

49
Q

Liner board is usually natural kraft, used to make the generic

A

“brown boxes.”

50
Q

is a single layer of corrugated paperboard without liners.

A

Unfaced corrugated

51
Q

is a combination of one fluted corrugating medium glued to one flat facing of linerboard.

A

Single face corrugated

52
Q

also called double face corrugated

A

Single wall corrugated

53
Q

is a combination of one corrugated medium and two flat facings of linerboard, with one linerboard glued to each side of the corrugated medium.

A

Single wall corrugated

54
Q

is a combination of two corrugated medium layers and three flat facings of linerboard, assembled in the following order: linerboard, medium, linerboard, medium, linerboard.

A

Double wall corrugated

55
Q

is a combination of three corrugated medium layers and four flat facings of linerboard, assembled in the following order: linerboard, medium, linerboard, medium,linerboard, medium, linerboard.

A

Triple wall corrugated

56
Q

has 33+/-3 flutes (corrugations) per foot

A

A-flute

57
Q

has 47+/-3 flutes per foot.

A

B-flute

58
Q

has 39+/-3 flutes per foot

A

C-flute

59
Q

has 90+/-4 flutes per foot.

A

E-flute

60
Q

has 128+/-4 flutes per foot.

A

F-flute

61
Q

which is a new board style that has fewer flutes per inch and is thicker than A-flute

A

K-flute

62
Q

is made of single wall, double wall, or triple wall corrugated board.

A

Box

63
Q

is made of a single sheet of paperboard.

A

Carton

64
Q

is the most common corrugated box style.

A

regular slotted container (RSC)

65
Q

has flaps of the same length, but the outer flaps overlap by 1 inch or more

A

overlap slotted container (OSC)

66
Q

has all flaps of same length, but the outer flaps come within 1 inch of full overlap.

A

full overlap slotted container (FOL)

67
Q

has flaps cut to different lengths so that both the inner and outer flaps meet at the center of the box.

A

center special slotted container (CSSC)

68
Q

The first product sold in a paperboard carton was

A

Uneeda Biscuit, marketed by the National Biscuit Company.

69
Q

is actually one of the biggest factors causing the boost in paper consumption.

A

Electronic communication

70
Q

are added to the pulp to make high-quality stationery and other specialty papers.

A

Rags

71
Q

Involves calendering between highly polished rolls that produce a similar smooth finish on both sides of the sheet.

A

Machine finishing

72
Q

produces a smooth side and a rough back side

A

Machine-glazing

73
Q

are a special group of fine packaging papers

A

Tissue papers

74
Q

is made by soaking the wood fibers in sulfuric acid. This treatment causes the cellulosic fibers to swell and close up their pores.

A

Vegetable parchment

75
Q

is generally thicker and heavier than paper.

A

Paperboard

76
Q

Although there is no strict definition, paperboard is generally thicker than

A

0.010 in

77
Q

The glue used to manufacture the corrugated board is based on

A

starch

78
Q

One drawback to the use of starch-based adhesives

A

they are attractive to insects

Packaging (12 decks)

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