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Packaging > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

are largely organic and usually based on synthetic resins or modified polymers of natural origin

A

Plastic materials

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2
Q

Plastics can be subclassified into two categories, according to their behavior after being cast into a permanent shape. They are:

A

Thermoplastics, Thermosets

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3
Q

are materials that soften when heated and harden when cooled. This process can be repeated indefinitely.

A

Thermoplastics

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4
Q

materials harden when heated or, in some cases, when they are treated with certain chemicals.

A

Thermosets

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5
Q

They are not recyclable except as inert fill in concrete or other materials.

A

Thermosets

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6
Q

The primary raw material used to produce synthetic polymers is

A

naphtha

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7
Q

naphtha is derived from

A

Petroleum

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8
Q

The second most common raw material to produce synthetic polymers is

A

natural gas

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9
Q

Synthetic polymers are generally produced by one of two types of polymerization reactions:

A

(1) addition reactions and (2) condensation reactions.

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10
Q

long molecule chains of the polymers from shorter molecule called

A

monomers

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11
Q

a conglomerate of very long molecule chains called

A

polymers

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12
Q

All plastics are composed of large molecules called _______, which are long chains of repeating units formed from shorter molecules

A

polymers

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13
Q

Among the natural polymers, the most representative are

A

polysaccharides, cellulose, proteins, and rubber

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14
Q

The first synthetic plastic, a form of cellulose nitrate called

A

parkesine

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15
Q

parkesine was invented in 1838 by

A

A. Parker

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16
Q

Parkesine was developed to replace some natural materials, particularly

A

ivory used for billiard balls

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17
Q

developed celluloid from a homogeneous colloidal dispersion of cellulose nitrate and camphor

A

J. Wesley Hyatt, during the late 1860s

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18
Q

developed another synthetic plastic material, phenol formaldehyde

A

L. Baekland, in 1907

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19
Q

Commonly known as Bakelite

A

phenol formaldehyde

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20
Q

A natural polymer of significance made from the sap of rubber trees

A

gulta-percha

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21
Q

proposed that all plastics, rubber, and materials such as cellulose were macromolecules or “polymers.”

A

H. Staundinger

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22
Q

Packaging is the largest market for

A

plastics

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23
Q

Packaging is the largest market for

A

plastics

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24
Q

The growth in the use of plastic packaging has accelerated rapidly since the 1970s, largely because of four characteristics of plastics:

A

• Low density
• Formability
• Strength and damage resistance
• Economics

25
Q

makes the use of plastics attractive when compared to other materials because of the weight savings, which translates into lower energy requirements and lower cost for transportation of packaged goods.

A

Low density

26
Q

There are several types of polyethylene. Three common forms that are frequently used for packaging are:

A

• Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
• High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
• Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)

27
Q

is the most widely used packaging plastic. It is flexible, transparent, and low in cost.

A

Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

28
Q

is the most widely used type of plastic.

A

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

29
Q

is more dense than PE. It is available as a film or it can be molded into containers and closures. The material has excellent clarity and sparkle. In addition, it does not change color or get brittle with age.

A

Polypropylene (PP)

30
Q

has good tensile strength. When formed into a bottle, it can resist the internal pressure from carbonation. This is why it is widely used as bottles for carbonated soft drinks.

A

Polyethylene Terephthalate-PET (Polyester)

31
Q

PET containers are often made of different forms of PET; called copolymers. The most common are

A

PETE and PETG

32
Q

is formed by adding ethylene glycol

A

PETE

33
Q

is formed by adding glycol

A

PETG

34
Q

known as polyester, can generally not be recycled into food packages, it can be made into carpets, fabrics, and many other products.

A

PET

35
Q

is a tough film with excellent clarity.

A

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

36
Q

At one time, many packaging professionals felt that PVC would become the standard plastic packaging. However, this has not happened. One of the primary reasons is

A

the presence of chlorine in the PVC molecule

37
Q

Polystyrene (PS) is available in _______ forms

A

foamed and unfoamed

38
Q

The foamed (expanded) version of PS is called

A

expanded polystyrene or simply EPS

39
Q

widely used for applications where products must be protected from damage by shocks.

A

expanded polystyrene or simply EPS.

40
Q

This loose fill material is used to cushion products and fill the voids left in shipping containers after the product has been loaded into the box

A

packaging peanuts

41
Q

developed a system used to identify the materials used in containers in the United States.

A

Society of the Plastic Industry (SPI)

42
Q

Is a new, high-barrier plastic that several manufacturers are considering for use as plastic beer bottles.

A

PEN

43
Q

material is referred to as ____ if it is thinner than 10 mils

A

plastic film

44
Q

material is referred to as _____ if it is 10 mils or thicker

A

plastic sheet

45
Q

is the basic process involved in plastic processing.

A

Extrusion

46
Q

is similar to extrusion except that multiple extruders are involved.

A

Coextrusion

47
Q

used to make multiple-layer plastic bottles, tubs, and other conatiners.

A

Coextrusion

48
Q

the plastic is extruded out into a cold roller

A

Film Casting

49
Q

starts with the extruder. The plastic is extruded through a rectangular die into a thin film, which is deposited on a smooth, polished, chilled rolls on a paper machine

A

Film Casting

50
Q

is another method of manufacturing plastic film. Like casting, the process begins with an extruder or coextruder. The die is shaped like a ring, hollow in the center, and makes a continuous tube of plastic.

A

Film blowing

51
Q

Cups, bowls, tubs, and similar containers, closures,
and many other objects are formed by

A

Injection Molding

52
Q

is used to manufacture bottles, jugs, and jars of various sizes, shapes,
and materials

A

Extrusion Blow Molding (EBM)

53
Q

Is the process of gluing sheets or webs of plastic film, paper, and/or aluminum foil together to form a new multilayer material.

A

Lamination

54
Q

The advantage of lamination over coextrusion

A

paper and aluminum foil layers can be included in lamination.

55
Q

A will-known laminated structure uses

A

paper, polyethylene, and aluminum foil in the following order from the outside to the inside of the package

56
Q

If PVC is burned, the chemical processes involved in combustion may produce

A

dioxin

57
Q

stories disclosed increased risk of cancer and other health problems among the workers in plants that produce

A

vinyl

58
Q

is a plastic tube, similar to a test tube, with a complete bottle finish.

A

preform

59
Q

The process, using sterile packaging and a sterile product, is an example of

A

aseptic packaging.

Packaging (12 decks)

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