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Apologia Exploring Creation With Health And Nutrition (2nd Edition) > Module 2: Physical Influences On Thoughts And Feelings > Flashcards

Module 2: Physical Influences On Thoughts And Feelings Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system

A

consists of the brain

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2
Q

Neurons

A

Individual cells in the nervous system that receive and transmit information. The entire nervous system depends on them. They don’t reproduce easily and are easy to destroy.

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3
Q

Glands

A

Soft groups of cells

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4
Q

endocrine system

A

Made up of glands and hormones

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5
Q

Hormones

A

Powerful chemicals produced by the glands

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6
Q

Receptors

A

Places on the cell’s surface that react to hormones

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7
Q

target cells

A

A cell with a receptor

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8
Q

pineal body

A

Between the thalamus and controls your sleep

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9
Q

optic nerve

A

Nerve from the eyes that help the pineal body

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10
Q

Serotonin

A

A neurotransmitter that promotes wakefulness

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11
Q

Melatonin

A

A neurotransmitter that encourages sleep

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12
Q

Caffeine

A

Found in coffee

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13
Q

pituitary gland

A

Releases hormones when told

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14
Q

epinephrine or adrenaline

A

Prepares for conflict; gives the flight or fight option

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15
Q

Cortisol

A

Made of adrenal glands and released in stressful situations

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16
Q

panic attack

A

All the feelings of being startled far out of proportions to the situation

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17
Q

panic disorder

A

Living in fear of more panic attacks

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18
Q

Thyroid

A

A gland that produces thyroxine

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19
Q

Thyroxine

A

A hormone that increases the metabolic rate of cells

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20
Q

metabolic rate

A

Makes sluggish cells act more quickly to use oxygen and store more energy to preform their functions

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21
Q

Iodine

A

Found naturally in seafood

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22
Q

Goiter

A

Overgrowth of the thyroid gland

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23
Q

Insulin

A

Controls glucose levels in the blood

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24
Q

reactive hypoglycemia

A

Over correction by insulin

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25
diabetes
A disease of constantly high glucose levels
26
diabetes mellitus
Most common type of diabetes
27
Type 1 diabetes
Lack of insulin production by cells in the pancreas
28
autoimmune disease
Immune cells in the body attack the bodies own insulin making cells
29
type 2 diabetes
A risk for obese people; body doesn't respond right to insulin
30
insulin resistance
Pancreas produces insulin but the cells of body don't respond normally to the insulin
31
encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
32
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges
33
Hematoma
A blood clot
34
edema
swelling
35
aneurysm
A weak place in a blood vessel
36
hemorrhagic stroke
Blood vessel in the brain breaks causing pools of blood in a area of the brain
37
ischemic stroke
Restricted blood flow in the brain
38
Cerebrovacular Accident
Interruption in normal blood circulation in the brain
39
recovery position
lying on the side with hands by head
40
epilipsy
A person who has had more than one seizure
41
seizure
Abnormal excessive activity of the brain's neurons
42
Concussion
mild traumatic brain injury
43
Digital media addiction
Excessive computer
44
withdraw
Escape
45
physical dependence
Suffering pain if the addictive isn't consumed regularly
46
addiction
A strong physical or emotional on a substance that causes relief from pain or pleasure
47
heroin or morphine
Imitates opioid peptides and relieves pain in illegal ways
48
Dopamine flooding
Produces a high temporary feeling of intense pleasure or energy
49
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Increases dopamine but in excessive
50
mental illness
Inability to function in every day life
51
dopamine and serotonin
Keeps you alert
52
Norepinephrine
Helps you concentrate
53
Endorphin
Produced in the brain and released in times of danger
54
opioid peptides
Primarily inhibits pain but also contributes to pleasure
55
Acetylcholine
Promotes restful sleep
56
GABA
Makes the receiving neuron less able to fire off a impulse
57
Glutamate
Excites the receiving neuron to fire off a impulse
58
Neurotransmitter
A chemical that can defuse in fluid between the cells and cross the synapse
59
Synapse
Tiny space between each sending neuron's axon
60
Hypothalamus
Crucial link between the nervous system and the endocrine system; senses changes in the blood
61
Thalamus
A relay center for messages going in and out of the brain
62
nuclei
Responsible for controlling breathing
63
brain stem
Contains visible clusters of nuclei
64
Cerebellum
Coordinates muscle movement and balance
65
Cerebrum
Large cap covering the top of the brain
66
skull
A very dense bony shell that encloses the brain
67
Parts of a neuron
Axon
68
central nervous system
Composed of association neurons in the brain and spinal cord
69
peripheral nervous system
Made up of sensory and motor neurons
70
reflex
A quick relay from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron
71
Stimulus
A sensible change that is going on around or within you
72
Sensory receptors
Helps you feel pain
73
association neurons
Link the sensory neuron with options for action
74
mixed nerves
Combination of both sensory and motor neurons
75
Motor nerve
Carries impulses away from brain towards muscles and glands to cause action
76
sensory nerve
Brings info to the brain and spinal cord
77
nerve
A bundle of axons with a protective layer
78
impulses
How neurons communicate; enters through the dendrites and sent out through axon
79
Axon
Single long extension off the call body; triggers several muscle cells and other neurons
80
myelin sheath
A insulation provided by tiny cells that form a protective layer around the axon
81
Dendrites
Short branch extensions off the cell body
82
cell body
Contains the nucleus

Apologia Exploring Creation With Health And Nutrition (2nd Edition) (12 decks)

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