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Apologia Exploring Creation With Health And Nutrition (2nd Edition) > Module 8: Food Science II - Micronutrients > Flashcards

Module 8: Food Science II - Micronutrients Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Anemia

A

A shortage of either red blood cells or hemoglobin

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2
Q

Antimicrobials

A

Chemicals that inhabits bacteria

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3
Q

Antioxidants

A

Nutritional chemicals that disarm free radicals

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4
Q

Aspartame

A

A tiny peptide sugar that is sweeter than real sugar

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5
Q

B complex vitamins

A

Needed for energy production

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6
Q

Benzoates and sorbates

A

Work against fungi

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7
Q

Beriberi

A

A severe deficiency of vitamin B1; Trouble walking

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8
Q

Calcium

A

Necessary for healthy bones

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9
Q

Carrageenan

A

Comes from seaweed and acts as a thickener for dairy products

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10
Q

Cellulose

A

Found in plant cell walls

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11
Q

Certifiable

A

Approved for food

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12
Q

chelating agents

A

Stop enzymes in an interesting way

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13
Q

Chromium

A

Involved in the chemical processing of fats and carbohydrates and keeps cells responding to insulin

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14
Q

Collagen

A

The most abundant protein in the human body

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15
Q

Copper

A

Helps process iron for the red blood cells

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16
Q

EDTA

A

Compound that chelates metal

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17
Q

Fiber

A

Refers to the ingestible parts of plant foods

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18
Q

Flavonoids

A

Plant pigments that bright colored to many plants

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19
Q

Flavor

A

A result of the combination of the senses of smell and taste

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20
Q

Fluoride

A

Prevent tooth decay and helps bone growth

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21
Q

Fortified

A

Vitamins and minerals have been added artificially

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22
Q

Free radical

A

A troublesome chemical compounds that carries an extra electron

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23
Q

Gelatin

A

Comes from a collagen

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24
Q

Ghrelin

A

The hunger hormone

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25
Glycerin
Attracts water and is mildly sweet; used as a thickener or to keep food such as frosting or low fat cookies moist
26
Gum Arabic
Comes from acacia trees; Used as a thickener in food
27
Hemoglobin
The carrier of oxygen in the red blood cells
28
Hemoglobin
The chemical inside the red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen
29
Insoluble
Does not dissolve in water
30
Insoluble fiber
Does not form a gel
31
Iodine
Necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones
32
Iron
Essential mineral in hemoglobin
33
Lactose
Sugar founded milk
34
Lactose intolerant
Cannot digest lactose
35
Macrominerals
Required in hundreds or thousands of milligrams every day
36
Magnesium
Controls heart rhythm
37
Manganese
Is important in bone strength
38
Medical laboratory technician
Also known as MLT; works in a hospital under the supervision of the MLS (medical laboratory scientist)
39
Microgram
A thousandth of a milligram
40
Micronutrients
Support molecules needed in small amounts
41
Milligram
a thousandth of a gram
42
Minerals
Elements found in the earth that are drawn up by plant roots and incorporated in plants that become our food
43
Molybdenum
Important in the nervous system but not fully understood
44
Multivitamin
A pill or a gummy that has multiple daily vitamins and minerals in it
45
Neuropathies
Areas of pain or numbness in the hands and feet
46
Non-nutritive sweeteners
Artificial sugar; The fake sugar used to sweeten things without gaining weight
47
Odorants
Molecules that trigger smell
48
Oxidation
A natural process that produces free radicals
49
Oxidative stress
The cumulative affect of the damage done by all the free radicals in the body
50
Pandemic deficiency disease
A combined efficiency of vitamins
51
Paraffin
And indigestible wax that passes through the digestive track harmlessly
52
Pellagra
Vitamin B3 deficiency; skin problems
53
Percent daily value
Also known as %DV; Shows the percentage of how much you need in a day
54
Phlebotomy
The skill of drawing blood
55
Phosphorus
A crucial part of ATP
56
Photochemicals
Chemicals produced by plants
57
Potassium
Necessary for many cell functions and controls blood pressure
58
Prebiotics
Components that feed the friendly bacteria in the large intestine
59
Propionic acid
Effective against mold and bacteria; found in apples and strawberries
60
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency; Calcium cannot be absorbed
61
Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency
62
Selenium
An antioxidant
63
Sodium
Required for cellular function and water balance in the body
64
soluble
Falls in water and absorbs water to form a gel
65
Soluble fiber
Absorbs water and forms a gel
66
Sucralose
saccharine
67
Sulfites
Popular antimicrobials Including sulfur dioxide and other compounds related to it
68
Sulfur dioxide
A popular antimicrobial
69
Therapeutic dose
Enough of a substance to improve a persons health and prevent a deficiency disease
70
Uric acid
The major antioxidant in the blood
71
Vitamin
And essential chemical in your diet either because you cannot make it yourself or because normal living puts you in a situation in which you cannot make it yourself
72
Vitamin A
Also called retinol; is a necessary component in producing vision
73
Vitamin B1
Also known as thiamine; Important in catabolism
74
Vitamin B12
Also known as cobalamin; Has a large part to play in the nervous system and in the formation of blood
75
Vitamin B2
Also known as riboflavin; necessary for enzymes to work
76
Vitamin B3
also known as Niacin; Important in DNA repair and hormone production
77
Vitamin B5
Also known as pantothenic acid; important for making and breaking apart fats
78
Vitamin B6
Also known as pyridoxine; A cofactor in enzyme reactions involving building amino acids and carbohydrate and fat metabolism
79
Vitamin B7
Also known as Biotin; Necessary for cell growth because it helps produce fatty acids and amino acids
80
Vitamin B9
Also known as folate; works with a vitamin B12 and vitamin C to build red blood cells
81
Vitamin C
Also known as ascorbic acid; a water soluble vitamin found in fruits
82
Vitamin D
Also known as Cholecalciferol; A fat soluble vitamin responsible for absorbing calcium from the small intestine
83
Vitamin E
Also known as tocopherol; A fat soluble vitamin found in many vegetable oils and stored in body fat
84
Vitamin K
Also known as Phylloquinone; Set soluble and necessary for blood clotting
85
Zinc
Not stored in the body so it must be present in the diet every day

Apologia Exploring Creation With Health And Nutrition (2nd Edition) (12 decks)

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