Module 6: Processing Nourishment And Hydration Flashcards
1
Q
Nutrients
A
Small absorbable molecules that provide energy in necessary components for body growth
2
Q
Digestion
A
The process of breaking down your nutrition in to absorbable nutrients
3
Q
Nutrition
A
Your food
4
Q
Digestive system
A
A long tube through which food passes
5
Q
Digestive enzymes
A
The precise tool for cutting the chains of Nutrient units
6
Q
Absorb
A
To transport the digested
7
Q
Epithelium
A
A general term for a layer of surface cells in the body
8
Q
Epithelial cells
A
The cells that cover the outside of your skin
9
Q
Mucus
A
A clear
10
Q
Goblet cells
A
Specialize cells that are shaped like stand glassware and produce lots of mucus
11
Q
Mucosa
A
Epithelium that secretes mucus
12
Q
Submucosa
A
The loose layer containing blood vessels and nerves
13
Q
Crypts
A
Tiny cave like glands in the mucosa
14
Q
Ducts
A
Small channels from the liver or pancreas
15
Q
Bile
A
Digestive fluid that helps to emulsify sets
16
Q
Emulsify
A
To stabilize as tiny droplets of water-based fluid
17
Q
Quadrant
A
One side of one arch
18
Q
Incissors
A
Teeth that have a sharp knife like edges for cutting
19
Q
Canine
A
A tooth that comes to a point; useful for piercing and tearing suit
20
Q
Premolars/ bicuspids
A
The teeth right behind the canines
21
Q
Molar
A
The teeth behind the premolars
22
Q
Crown
A
The part of the tooth that is visible in the mouth
23
Q
Enamel
A
The sick smooth coating of calcium mineral that covers the Crown
24
Q
Dentin
A
Under the enamel coat; less dense than calcium substance
25
Root
The part of the tooth and encased in the socket in the jaw bone
26
Pulp
Inside the hollow interior of the hard tooth; Composed of blood vessels and neurons
27
Gingiva
Specialized mucosa that surrounds each tooth
28
Dental erosion
When the tooth is exposed to acid in food or drink
29
Tooth decay
Slowly erodes a part of the tooth until it gets into the Dentin
30
Saliva
Spit
31
Salivary glands
Organs that produce saliva
32
Salivary duct
How the saliva travels from the gland to the mouth
33
Starch
A long chain of sugar molecules
34
Bolus
A swallowable Mass
35
Satiety
The feeling of satisfaction from having eaten enough food
36
smooth muscles
involuntary muscle found in internal organs
37
skeletal muscles
muscles attached to bone that cause body movements; you can control them
38
involentary
Not controlled by your will
39
Peristalsis
Waves of rhythmic
40
Mixing waves
Smooth muscle activity that sloshes digesting food back-and-forth with in a single organ
41
Sphincters
Muscular rains that act like Valves in the tube; Hold the contents in one section until the stage of digestion is complete
42
Pharynx
The throat
43
Nasopharynx
The nose part of the throat
44
Soft palate
The flexible part of the roof of your mouth
45
Uvula
The extension of the soft palate that dangles down
46
Larynx
The voice box or Adam's apple
47
Epiglottis
An elastic flap of tissue in the pharynx
48
Vocal folds
Vocal cords
49
Esophagus
The soft
50
upper esophageal sphincter
In the pharynx
51
lower esophageal sphincter
The muscular ring at the top of the stomach
52
Abdominal thrusts
The Heimlich maneuver
53
Umbilicus
navel
54
Gastric juice
Acidic juice added by tiny glands in the wall of the stomach
55
Chyme
Bolus that is swallowed into smooth slurry
56
hydrochloric acid
Acid so strong and corrosive that it can dissolve many kinds of metal
57
Pepsin
A digestive enzyme
58
Bulimia
A mental or emotional disorder characterized by Forced vomiting
59
Nausea
The natural discomfort felt before vomiting
60
Food poisoning
The presence of harmful bacteria or other toxins in food
61
Dehydrated
the state in which a large amount of water has been lost or removed from the body or from food
62
Gastroenteritis
An infection of bacteria or viruses in the mucosa of the digestive track
63
Vomiting
The force the return of the stomach contents To the mouth to be expelled
64
Intravenous
also known as IV
65
Heartburn
When the lower esophagus sphincter is not firmly closed all the stomach is churning the stomach contents with hydrochloric send me a link up into the esophagus
66
GERD
Repeated episodes of heartburn
67
Heart attack
A lack of blood flow to parts of the heart
68
Stomach ulcer
An opened wound in the mucosa of the stomach
69
Peptic ulcer
Also known as stomach ulcer; An opened wound in the mucosa of the stomach
70
pyloric sphincter
At the lower end of the stomach; keeps the chyme from entering the small intestine until it is churned enough
71
Duodenum
The first section of the small intestine; about 12 inches long
72
Jejunum
The second part of the small intestine; about 8 feet long
73
ileum
The third part of the small intestine; about 11 feet long
74
Duodenal ulcers
Most of the time caused by an H. Pylori infection and can be treated with antibiotics
75
Crypts
Tiny openings in the mucosa through which enzymes can flow into the small intestine
76
Lactose
The sugar found in milk
77
Lactase
enzyme that breaks down lactose
78
Lactose intolerance
The inability to completely digest the milk sugar
79
Villi
Hair-like projections in the folds of the small intestine
80
Microvilli
Microscopic villi
81
Villus
A single villi
82
Capillary
The smallest kind of blood vessel; covers the villus
83
Lacteals
The smallest of lymph vessels
84
Portal vein
Is specialized blood vessel that passes through the liver
85
Bile
A cholesterol rich fluid that emulsifies fat in the small intestine
86
Regenerate
Replace with functional cells
87
Gall bladder
A small sac under the liver which concentrates the bile by returning some of the water and salt to the blood
88
Common bile duct
carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
89
Pancreas
Soft
90
Gall stones
When the bile stored in the gallbladder loses too much salt in water and condenses into hard black balls the size of peas
91
Gallbladder disease
When a gallstone gets stuck in the small intestine
92
Pancreatic duct
Releases the pancreatic juice into the duodenum
93
Bowel sounds
Growling noises that come from the intestines
94
Ileocecal sphincter
The ring-like muscle that controls the chyme going from the small intestine to the large intestine
95
Large intestine
Also known as colon; The final section of the digestive system tube
96
Cecum
The small intestines entry sphincter
97
Ascending colon
Goes up towards your liver and makes a sharp turn to become the transverse colon
98
Descending colon
Travels down your left side after it turns from the ascending colon
99
Sigmoid colon
After the descending colon it bends into an S shape and widens a little towards the end
100
Rectum
Stores the waste
101
Feces
Waste matter
102
Microbiome
Layers of Organisms that are similar to bacteria
103
Probiotic supplements
Capsules that contain concentrated bacteria
104
Prebiotics
Foods with lots of fiber
105
Anus
A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body
106
Anal Sphincter
Made of mostly smooth muscles and is automatically kept tight closed by the nervous system
107
Bowel movement/defecation
The release of feces from your body
108
Flatus
gas expelled through the anus
109
Flatulence
passing gas
110
Traveler's diarrhea
Caused by drink Unpurified water
111
Regularity
Something that happens regularly
112
constipation
The condition of less frequent and difficult to pass bowel movements
113
hemorrhoids
In large blood vessels in the anus
114
Giardia
parasite that can affect the small intestine; a protozoan
115
Pinworms
Less than half an inch in length and appear in the feces as thin white threads.
116
Irritable bowel syndrome
How many people respond to stress.
117
gluten sensitivity
An allergy to the wheat protein called gluten
118
gluten
insoluble protein found in wheat
119
celiac disease
The gluten damages the intestine by shortening intestinal villi and interfering with absorption
120
Urinary system
The humble servant of the body
121
Nephrons
Tiny filtration plants
122
Tubule
A tiny collecting tube to catch the 20% of fluid that leaks out of the blood
123
Urea
A chemical from broken-down amino acids
124
Urine
Fluid wastes removed from the body by the kidneys
125
renal pelvis
A large
126
Ureter
Eight tube 12 inches long that carries urine away from the kidney to the urinary bladder
127
Electrolytes
Salts in the body
128
Hydrated
Supplied with plenty of water
129
Dehydration
When your body doesn't have enough water
130
Hypernatremia
When there isn't enough water in your body and it makes your body weak and imbalanced with too much sodium in the blood
131
Hyponatremia
low sodium in the blood
132
pH
A number that can be from one
133
Kidney stones
Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney.
134
Lithotripsy
High Sounds like crash the kidney stone
135
urinary bladder
A balloon like storage container for urine
136
Urethra
A tube between the base of the bladder and the outside surface
137
urinary tract infection
Bacterial infection of the urinary system
138
Internist
doctor who specializes in internal medicine
139
Adolescent medicine
Focuses on young patients
140
geriatrics
the care of elderly people
141
Gastroenterologist
Cats for people with digestive illnesses
142
Nephrologist
Cares for people with kidney disease
143
Urologist
Cares for surgical and medical problems in the urinary system
144
Colon and rectal surgeon
Cares for conditions affecting the large intestine
145
Incisions
surgical cuts into tissue
146
Appendectomy
removal of the appendix
147
Endoscopy
visual examination within
148
Colonoscopy
visual examination of the colon
