Module 3-Cells and the Microbiome

Question 1

what are the 5 types of cells?

Answer 1

Nerve cells, muscle cells, red blood cells, gland cells and immune cells

Question 2

What are nerve cells?

Answer 2

they are long extensions that allow cells to transmit electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 3

What are muscle cells?

Answer 3

is what make your body move. They are elongated, thread-like fibres

Question 4

What are red blood cells?

Answer 4

they are donut shaped. This shape helps them squeeze through tiny blood vessels and deliver oxygen to the parts of the body

Question 5

What are gland cells?

Answer 5

it stores and releases substances such as hormones, enzymes, mucus and sweat

Question 6

What are immune cells?

Answer 6

these cells are like the defenders of the body. They fight off sicknesses and destroy things like bacteria, germs and fungi

Question 7

What is the plasma membrane and what is it made of?

Answer 7

It surrounds the cell and it determines what comes in and out of the cell. It is made up of cholestrol, proteins, and lipids

Question 8

What is mitochondria?

Answer 8

it is known as the powerhouse of the cell and it provides energy the cell needs

Question 9

What is ribosomes?

Answer 9

they create proteins for the cell which are used to repair any damage caused

Question 10

What is the nucleus?

Answer 10

it is the cells control center. It makes sure the cell manages to use its function properly

Question 11

Does the nuclues contain all the cells genetic information?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is inside the nucleus?

Answer 12

Chromosomes called Dna. It contains all the information needed to build and run the cell

Question 13

What is cyptoplasm?

Answer 13

it is a gel like substance that fills up the space between the plasma membrane and the nuclues. it fills up the rest of the cell

Question 13

What is lyosomes?

Answer 13

gets rid of waste material the cell does not need. It helps breakdown protein the cell does not need.

Question 14

What is golgi appratus?

Answer 14

they are vesicles that transport protein. It receives proteins from the ER and prepares them to send it to other parts of the body

Question 15

What is Endoplasmic Reticlum?

Answer 15

it helps make sure that proteins and fats are produced or made, packaged and sent to the right places in the cell where its needed

Question 16

Why is the cell membrane selectively permable?

Answer 16

It’s because some substances pass through the cell while others cant

Question 17

What is passive transport?

Answer 17

It requires no energy. It includes diffusion, osmoisis, filiration and facilitated diffusion

Question 18

What is diffusion?

Answer 18

it involves movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 19

What is diffusion driven by?

Answer 19

it is driven by concentration gradient. Its like a driving force that influences the movement of substances

Question 20

What is filiteration?

Answer 20

causes by differences in pressure. It uses pressure gradients to force liquids and small solutes through a membrane

Question 21

What is osmosis pressure?

Answer 21

the pressure that develops from osmosis

Question 22

What is osmoisis?

Answer 22

Osmoisis is the movement of water. Its like diffusion except its the water that comes into and out of the cell.

Question 23

What does osmosis help with?

Answer 23

Osmosis helps if things or substances or even a solute cant pass through the membrane. The osmosis helps it get into the cell.

Question 24

If the cell needs water who comes in the picture?

Answer 24

Osmosis

Question 25

What is active transport?

Answer 25

solutes go from low concentration to high concentration

Question 26

What types of active transport is found in the cell?

Answer 26

active transport pump, phagotycysis, pincytosis, exocytisis

Question 27

What is isotonic?

Answer 27

water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate. It has the same amount of salt in and outside of the cell so it doesnt require movement.

Question 28

what is hypertonic?

Answer 28

when the cell loses water- it shrinks- it has more salt. If theres too much salt in the cell, water moves out because it bad for it.

Question 29

What is hypotonic?

Answer 29

water flows into the cell- the cell will swell up and it will burst called lysis. It has less salt in the cell

Question 30

What is DNA

Answer 30

Itc arries the genetic information of a cell

Question 31

Where is DNA located?

Answer 31

the nucleus

Question 32

What is the two processes in protein syntesis?

Answer 32

Transcription and translation

Question 33

What are the stages in the cell cylcle?

Answer 33

First gap phase, sysnthesis phase, second gap phase, and mitotic phase

Question 34

what is microbiome?

Answer 34

*Microbiome is the good bacteria and if you have the bad bacteria, you will get sick

Question 35

How is microbiome developed?

Answer 35

The first step into building microbiome occurs before birth

Question 36

What are factors that can improve microbiome?

Answer 36

Excercising, spending time outdoors, eating a plat based diet and taking prebiotics

Question 37

What are threats to microbiome?

Answer 37

Stress, smoking high fat and high sugar diet