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Anatomy > Module 6-Overview of the Nervous System and Sense Organs > Flashcards

Module 6-Overview of the Nervous System and Sense Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What composes the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What composes the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A

The peripheral nervous system consists of a vast network of nerves throughout the body

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3
Q

What is the role of Oligodendrocytes?

A

Oligodencrytes: form myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What is the role of ependymal cells?

A

Ependymal cell- lines the spinal cord and cavities of the brain;

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5
Q

What is the role of microglia:

A

Microglia- performs phagacytosis, surrounds microorganisms and cellular debris

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6
Q

What is the role of astrocytes?

A

Astrocytes extends through brain tissue; nourishes neurons, help form brain barrier and attaches neurons to blood vessels and provides structural support

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7
Q

What is the role of Schwann cells?

A

Schwann cells- forms myelin sheath around nerves in pns

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8
Q

What is the blood brain barrier (BBB) composed of?

A

Blood-brain and barrier is made from astrocytes and endothelial cells

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9
Q

What is the role of the BBB?

A

It allows small molecules to come in the brain or diffuse to the brain but it blocks larger molecules. It helps protect the brain from foreign substances.

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10
Q

What does sensory neurons do?

A

Sensory neurons detect stimuli or it detects something like touch, pressure, heat, cold etc and then it gives the information to the CNS

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11
Q

What does motor neurons do?

A

Motor neurons are responsible for carrying out the actions instructed by the brain and spinal
cord

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12
Q

What does interneurons do?

A

Interneurons- the decide what to do next afer receiving information and it determines what the action should be. After that, they give the instructions to the motor neurons.

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13
Q

Where are schwann cells found?

A

Swhann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system and they wrap themselves around the axon

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14
Q

What is the role of the neurilemma?

A

Neurilemma is essential for an injured nerve to regenerate or grow back

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15
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes found?

A

The oligendrocytes is found in a myelin sheath.

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16
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A

Cell Body ( Soma), Dendrites, axon and axon terminal

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17
Q

What does the Cell Body ( Soma) do?

A

It contains the nucleus, which holds the neuron’s genetic information, and other organelles that keep the neuron alive and functioning.

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18
Q

What does the dendrites do?

A

They receive messages from other neurons and transmit those messages to the cell body.

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19
Q

What does the axon do?

A

responsible for carrying a signal from one end of the neuron to another

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20
Q

What doe the axon terminal do?

A

These terminals release chemicals called neurotransmitters, which communicate with the next neuron in the chain.

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21
Q

What is a synapse?

A

is how neurons communicate with each other. Its like where one neuron passes information to another neuron

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22
Q

What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

A

The medulla oblongata helps regulate breathing, helps regulate the heart rate, controls the blood vessel diameter etc

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23
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem?

A

The parts of the brainstem is the midbrain, the pons, and medulla oblongata

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24
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

The cerebellum receives, processes messages from all over the brain. It controls balance, movement, and coordination. It stores information necessary for muscle groups to work together to perform smooth, efficient and coordinated movements

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25
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain. It is where we have the ability to think, remember, feel, use judgement etc.

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26
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A

Frontal lobe- responsible for reasoning, planning, problem solving etc

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27
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

Parietal lobe- responsible for touch

28
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

A

Occiptial lobe- responsible for vision

29
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

Temporal lobe- responsible for hearing

30
Q

What is the role of the insula?

A

The insula helps with our emotions and helps us understand

31
Q

What is the difference between grey matter and white matter?

A

Grey matter does the thinking and processing, while white matter helps the brain’s messages travel quickly and efficiently to where they need to go.

32
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic nervous prepares the body for physical activity. It is from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. It is flight or flight when we are in danger.

33
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system? What does a parasympathetic
response look like?

A

The parasympathetic system helps calm the body down. “Rest and digest

34
Q

What are the types of sensory receptors and what type of stimulus does each detect?

A

Chemoreceptors- taste, smell, oxygen etc
Mechanorecptors- pressure, stretch, vibration
Thermorecptors- changes in temperature
Nocieoceptors- pain, tissue damage
Photorecptors- light ( only in eyes)
Proprioceptors- body movement and position

35
Q

Why does white mater appear white?

A

The abundance of myelin

36
Q

The division of the nervous system that carries information away from the central nervous system is?

A

Motor division

37
Q

The sturcture that allows communication between the right and left hemispheres of the brain is the

A

Corpus callosum

38
Q

This type of Nervous System cell forms the blood brain barrier

A

astrocytes

39
Q

What kind of nerve cells are thought to be helpers for the neurons?

A

Glial Cells

40
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous system?

A

Controls involuntary bodily functions such as breathing and the heart beating

41
Q

What is the Somatic nervous system?

A

Controls bodily voluntary functions

42
Q

What type of glial cell secretes and helps circulate cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cells

43
Q

What is another term for nerve impulse?

A

Action Potential

44
Q

The effect produced by a neurotransmitter is ultimately determined by:

A

Type of receptor

45
Q

Type of neurons that send impulses allowing you to withdraw your hand when you touch hot object

A

Efferent neurons

46
Q

This cranial nerve senses taste and controls facial expressions

A

facial

47
Q

Visceral reflexes are controlled by

A

the autonomic nervous system

48
Q

When a neuron is stimulated, which type of ion rushes into the neuron?

A

sodium

49
Q

This cranial nerve controls many functions in the body including the heart, digestive system and lungs

A

vagus

50
Q

Why can’t a neuron be stimulated during the refractory period?

A

because there is more Na+ inside the neuron and more K+ outside

51
Q

Which is the innermost menige of the brain

A

pia mater

52
Q

Neurons with alpha-adrenergic receptors are

A

excited by norepinephrine

53
Q

This part of the limbic system is responsible for storing and recalling emotion

A

amygdala

54
Q

White matter in the spinal cord is made up of

A

myelinated bundles of axons

55
Q

This part of the diencephalon contains the centers for thirst, hunger and temperature control.

A

the hypothalamus

56
Q

Spinal nerves are made up of

A

mixed fibres (sensory and motor neurons)

57
Q

Decussation means that

A

the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body

58
Q

At rest the membrane of a neuron is

A

polarized

59
Q

Ascending tracts in the spinal cord carry which type of information

A

sensory signals to the brain

60
Q

This division of the nervous system has long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons. It primarily uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

A

parasympathetic division

61
Q

Which nerve plexus innervates the head, neck and shoulders?

A

cervical plexus

62
Q

The primary somatic motor area of the brain is located in which lobe?

A

Frontal lobe

63
Q

What glands are found in the brain?

A

pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal

64
Q

What happens to a neuron when it is depolarized?

A

Sodium rushes into the neuron. The inside becomes positively charges.

65
Q

What is the function of descending spinal tracts?

A

To carry motor impulses from the CNS down the spinal cord to the effector (muscles)

66
Q

What structures make up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus

67
Q
A

Anatomy (18 decks)

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