Module 6-Overview of the Nervous System and Sense Organs Flashcards
(67 cards)
What composes the central nervous system (CNS)?
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
What composes the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
The peripheral nervous system consists of a vast network of nerves throughout the body
What is the role of Oligodendrocytes?
Oligodencrytes: form myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord
What is the role of ependymal cells?
Ependymal cell- lines the spinal cord and cavities of the brain;
What is the role of microglia:
Microglia- performs phagacytosis, surrounds microorganisms and cellular debris
What is the role of astrocytes?
Astrocytes extends through brain tissue; nourishes neurons, help form brain barrier and attaches neurons to blood vessels and provides structural support
What is the role of Schwann cells?
Schwann cells- forms myelin sheath around nerves in pns
What is the blood brain barrier (BBB) composed of?
Blood-brain and barrier is made from astrocytes and endothelial cells
What is the role of the BBB?
It allows small molecules to come in the brain or diffuse to the brain but it blocks larger molecules. It helps protect the brain from foreign substances.
What does sensory neurons do?
Sensory neurons detect stimuli or it detects something like touch, pressure, heat, cold etc and then it gives the information to the CNS
What does motor neurons do?
Motor neurons are responsible for carrying out the actions instructed by the brain and spinal
cord
What does interneurons do?
Interneurons- the decide what to do next afer receiving information and it determines what the action should be. After that, they give the instructions to the motor neurons.
Where are schwann cells found?
Swhann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system and they wrap themselves around the axon
What is the role of the neurilemma?
Neurilemma is essential for an injured nerve to regenerate or grow back
Where are oligodendrocytes found?
The oligendrocytes is found in a myelin sheath.
What are the parts of a neuron?
Cell Body ( Soma), Dendrites, axon and axon terminal
What does the Cell Body ( Soma) do?
It contains the nucleus, which holds the neuron’s genetic information, and other organelles that keep the neuron alive and functioning.
What does the dendrites do?
They receive messages from other neurons and transmit those messages to the cell body.
What does the axon do?
responsible for carrying a signal from one end of the neuron to another
What doe the axon terminal do?
These terminals release chemicals called neurotransmitters, which communicate with the next neuron in the chain.
What is a synapse?
is how neurons communicate with each other. Its like where one neuron passes information to another neuron
What is the role of the medulla oblongata?
The medulla oblongata helps regulate breathing, helps regulate the heart rate, controls the blood vessel diameter etc
What are the parts of the brainstem?
The parts of the brainstem is the midbrain, the pons, and medulla oblongata
What is the role of the cerebellum?
The cerebellum receives, processes messages from all over the brain. It controls balance, movement, and coordination. It stores information necessary for muscle groups to work together to perform smooth, efficient and coordinated movements
