Module 3 Immunity Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
What are the two main types of immunity
A
Cellular and Humoral
2
Q
Humoral has two types of immunity which are
A
Active, Passive
3
Q
A vaccine is what type of Humoral Immunity
A
Active
4
Q
Toxoid is what type of Humoral Immunity
A
Active
5
Q
Immune Serum is what type of immunity
A
Passive
6
Q
Antitoxin is what type of immunity
A
Passive
7
Q
Acquired immunity by having the disease and developing antibodies
A
Active artificial immunity
8
Q
Immunity from a mother is what type of immunity
A
Passive Natural immunity
9
Q
Why is an antitoxin not preferred
A
Comes from an animal, might cause allergic reaction
10
Q
Inoculated means
A
an injection
11
Q
When is immune serum used
A
After exposure
12
Q
What are the characteristics of an immune serum (2)
A
Immediate and Short term
13
Q
Where does Serum come from
A
Human blood (Serum globulin)
14
Q
What is the difference between a vaccination and an immune serum other than immune serums are post exposure
A
Immune serums injected into the body are not going to be remembered by the immune system
15
Q
Rhogam, Tetanus, Varicella-Zoster, Rabies, are all examples of
A
Immune Serums
16
Q
When should Antitoxins be used
A
Last resort, post exposure
17
Q
What are the characteristics of Antitoxins (2)
A
Immediate, Short term
18
Q
Serum sickness is also known as
A
Horse sickness
19
Q
Tetanus, Rabies, Diphtheria, Botulism are all examples of
A
Antitoxins
20
Q
When are vaccines given
A
Pre-exposure
21
Q
How long does it take for immunity to kick in after being given vaccine
A
1-2 weeks
22
Q
Vaccines are known for being
A
Long lasting
23
Q
Influenza, Polio, Pneumovax, Meningitis, Hepatitis B, are all examples of
A
Vaccines
24
Q
When will vaccines be highly recommended
A
If they have been exposed to it in the past
25
When are toxoids given
Before exposure
26
How long does immunity take to kick in after a toxoid
1-2 weeks
27
Toxoids do not last last as long as vaccines and may require a
Booster shot
28
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis are all examples of
Toxoids
29
When are live vaccines contraindicated (4)
Have current infection
Pregnancy
Asthma / Hay fever
Immunocompromised
30
If patient has low grade temp and is due for any kind of inoculation what do we do
Still administer it
31
What allergies contraindicate vaccines (5)
Egg, Neomycin, Gentamicin, Gelatin, Thimerosal
32
After Vaccination what should we tell patient who is looking to become pregnant (2)
Do not become pregnant for 3 months after immunizations
No MMR or Varicella in first trimester
33
If patient has localized tender effects what should we do
use analgesics, anti-pyretics
34
Drug class used for tx. for malignant diseases. (cure, control, palliative care)
Antineoplastic drugs
35
Proliferating cells, have no biological feedback controls to stop proliferation, more sensitive to antineoplastic drugs during growth and division
Cancerous tumors
36
Spares normal cells as much as possible (Killing malignant cells)
Cell Kill theory
Given as a single drug or in combination with other drugs
Administered in a series of cycles
Selected to work at different phases in the cell cycle
Objectives of Antineoplastic Drugs
37
Theory that says every malignant cell must be destroyed for a cure
Cell kill theory
38
Interferes with cell metabolism or the reproductive cycle
| To optimize cell death they are administered at the time cell population is dividing
Action of antineoplastic drugs
39
Drugs class where Normal cells are also affected with rapidly dividing cells
Antineoplastic drugs
40
What do we do to help recovery of normal cells with patients taking Antineoplastic drugs
Give intermittently
41
What are the two main drug types of Cell Cycle Specific
Antimetabolites
| Plant Alkaloids
42
Cell cycle specific drugs are also called
Chemotherapeutic agents
43
What are 4 types of antimetabolites
Folic Acid Antagonist (Trexall)
Pyrimidine Antagonist (5-FU)
Purine Antagonist
Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitor
44
Name for Folic Acid Antagonist (Trexall)
Methotrexate
45
Name for Pyrimidine Antagonist (5-FU)
Fluorouracil (carac)
46
Plant Alkaloids are also called
Mitotic Inhibitors
47
What are 4 types of Plant Alkaloids
Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine)
Taxanes (Abraxane)
Podophyllotoxins
Campothecans
48
Name for Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine)
Ancovin
49
What are Cell cycle Nonspecific also called
Independent Drugs
50
What are two types of Cell cycle Nonspecific drugs
Alkylating agents
| Antibiotics
51
Causes DNA strands to bind together
Alkylating agents
52
What are 6 examples of Alkylating agents
```
Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives (Cytoxan)
Ethyleneamines
Alkyl Sulfonate
Hydrazines
Nitrosoureas
Platinum Compound (Platinol)
```
53
What are 6 examples of Antibiotics
```
Anthracycline (Doxil)
Chromomycin
Miscellaneous Antibiotics
DNA Inhibitors - inhibits synthesis
Retinoids
Enzymes
```
54
What is a side effect of Anthracycline (Doxil-Doxorubicin)
Turns urine red
55
What are two nursing implications for Anthracycline (Doxil-Doxorubicin)
Know that cardiac damage occurs with accumulation
| Give dose early so patient doesn't sleep with it
56
What is a side effect of Gonadotropin Releasing hormone (Leuprolide - Lupron)
Decreased libido
57
What is a side effect of Anti-estrogenic palliative (Tamoxifen - Nolvadex)
Hot flashes
58
Testosterone alters what hormone and what does it treat (2)
Androgens
| Prostate and Breast Cancer
59
Premarin alters what hormone and what does it treat
Estrogen
| Metastatic breast cancer
60
Megestrol (Megace) alters what hormone and what does it treat
Progesterone
| Breast Cancer
61
Prednisone alters what hormone and what does it treat
Corticosteroids
| Leukemia
62
Leuprolide (Lupron) alters what hormone and what does it treat
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
| prostatic cancer
63
Bicalutamide (Casodex) alters what hormone and what does it treat
Anti-androgenic
| Metastatic prostate Cancer
64
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) alters what hormone and what does it treat
Anti-estrogenic
| Breast cancer
65
New drugs used in the tx of cancer
| Target Cancer cells to stop their growth and development
Target therapy drugs
66
Bortezomib (Velcade) is an example of a _________ and what does it do
Proteasome
| inhibits enzyme that helps cells grow
67
Erlotinib (Tarceva), Gefitinib (Iressa), Imatinib (Gleevec) are examples of a _________ and what does it do
Signal Transducer Inhibitor
| inhibits signals that are the pathway for growth (proliferate)
68
Thalidomide (Thalomid), and Bevacizumumab (Avastatin) are examples of a _________ and what does it do
Angiogenesis Inhibitor
| inhibits growth of new cells
69
Substances that use the bodies natural immune defense to fight infection, treat disease or protect the body against side effects from other tx.
Biotherapy
70
Drug group that is used for Cancer and AIDS, and is used with surgery, radiation, and chemo
Biotherapy
71
Bonds to receptor on cancer cell preventing proliferation
Immunomodulators / Monoclonal Antibodies
72
Immunomodulators / Monoclonal Antibodies drugs end in
Mabs
73
Cancr cell fused to B lymphocytes producing antibody aim at a specific antigen
Immunomodulators / Monoclonal Antibodies
74
Rituximab (Rituxan) is an example of
Immunomodulators / Monoclonal Antibodies
75
Considered Biological Response modifiers engineered to inhibit cellular growth
Antitumor Cytokines
76
What two substances are used for Antitumor Cytokines
Interferon and Interleukin
77
Used to increase immune response in bladder cancer
Antitumor Vaccine
78
Bacilli Calmette Guerin (BCG) is an example of a
Antitumor Vaccine
79
Manufactured by the kidneys to stimulate growth of RBC
Erythropoietin
80
Used to stimulate growth of thrombocytes. For platelets and megakaryocytes.
Oprelvekin (Neumega)
81
What are 3 adverse reactions of Anti-neoplastic drugs
Gastric Toxicity
Neurotoxicity
affects bone marrow
82
Define Xerostoma and what it could lead to
Dry mouth can lead to Anorexia
83
For N+V we use power pack foods such as
Ginger ale and popsicle
84
When should Antiemetic drugs be administered for N+V
1/2 hour - 45 minutes before and 48hr drugs
85
Stool softeners should be used
Prophylactically
86
Constipation is related to what drug group
Plant Alkaloids
87
When is constipation seen in Plant Alkaloids
5-8 days after therapy
88
What are the two side effects for Doxorubicin - 5FU (2)
Sloughing
| Hypopigmentation
89
What is a major side effect of Methotrexate
Photosensitivity
90
What are the 6 drug groups for Antiretroviral drugs
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)
Protease Inhibitor (PI)
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)
Fusion Inhibitors (FI)
Integrase Inhibitor
CCR5 Antagonist
91
inhibit the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase that the HIV virus needs to replicate itself
NRTI
92
Drug group that makes single strand no double
NRTI
93
What is the main drug for NRTI
Zidovudine (AZT Retrovir)
94
What are 4 main side effects for NRTI's
NVD
Anemia
Neutropenia
Headaches
95
What are 2 nursing implications for patients on NRTI's
Monitor liver enzymes
| Monitor lactic acidosis
96
What are 3 things we should know for Protease Inhibitors
can cause lipidemia
EKG should be on chart
cardiac arrhythmias can occur
97
What are 2 main drugs for Protease Inhibitor
Ritonavir (Norvir)
| Nelfinavir (Viracept)
98
How should NNRTI's be administered
Start with daily dose then go into 2 doses / day
99
What are two examples of NNRTI's
Nevirapine (Viramune)
| Efavirenz (Sustiva)
100
Drug group that helps prevent adhesion to CD4 cell
Fusion inhibitors
101
What is an example of a fusion inhibitor and how should it be administered
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) SubQ injection
102
What are 2 side effects of Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
allergic like reaction
| increases effect of bacterial pneumonia
103
What is an example of a CCR5 antagonist
Maraviroc (Selzentry)
104
Maraviroc (Selzentry) can cause
Sore muscles
105
What is an example of an Integrase inhibitor
Raltegravir (Isentress)
106
What are two side effects of Raltegravir (Isentress)
Diarrhea
| Nausea
107
Combination drugs are given to
Increase compliance
108
Lactic Acidosis is
Diarrhea, rapid shallow breathing, SOB
109
What are 4 main side effects of NNRTI
Vivid dreams
Positive Marijuana test
Steven Johnson syndrome
Mood changes
110
An AIDS Cocktail is composed of
2 NRTI
1 NNRTI
or 1 Protease inhibitor
111
What is the purpose of an AIDS Cocktail
Decrease drug resistance
112
If patient has HIV and Hep B what will be given
NRTI
113
When discussing the possibility of adverse reactions after receiving a vaccine, the nurse tells the parents of a young child that
The side effects are usually mild
114
Which type of immunity does an antivenin produce
Passive immunity
115
What type of immunity is produced by the hepatitis B vaccine recombinant
Artificially-acquired active immunity
116
Wha allergy contraindicates the measles vaccine
Gelatin
117
What are 3 signs of leukopenia
Fever
Sore throat
Chills
118
What drug substance decreases absorption of anemia
Antacids
